Oligoxystre bolivianum

Description. Male (MZSP 26076). Total length: 21.4. Carapace: length 8.52; width 6.98. Eye tubercle: length 1.18; width 1.52. Labium: length 0.5; width 1.37. Sternum: length 4.37; width 3.65. Basal segment of chelicera with 8 teeth. Labium with 3 cuspules. Maxilla with 20 – 23 cuspules. Thoracic fovea slightly recurved. Palp: femur 4.53 / patella 2.9 / tibia 3.43 / cymbium 1.78 / total 12.64. Legs I: femur 7.8 / patella 4.46 / tibia 5.76 / metatarsus 5.44 / tarsus 3.33 / total 26.79. II: 6.98 / 3.91 / 5.09 / 4.89 / 3.13 / 24. III: 6.06 / 3.05 / 4.32 / 4.99 / 3.1 / 21.52. IV: 7.95 / 3.73 / 6.41 / 6.89 / 3.57 / 28.55. Spines: Palp: femur (d) 0 - 0 - p 1, patella 0, tibia (v) 0 - 0 - 1, (p) 1 - 1 - 1; Legs: I: femur (d) 0 - 0 - p 1, patella 0, tibia (v) 2 - 2 - ap 1, (p) 0 - 1 - 0, metatarsus (v) r 1 - 0 - 0; II: femur (d) 0 - 0 - 2, patella 0, tibia (v) 2 - 2 - ap 2, (p) 0 - 1 - 1, metatarsus (v) 1 - 0 - 0; III: femur (d) 1 - 5 - 3, patella 0, tibia (r) 1 - 1 - 0, (v) 4 - 3 - ap 2, (p) 1 - 1 - 0, metatarsus (r) 1 - 1 - 0, (v) 0 - 2 - ap 3, (p) 1 - 1 - 1; IV: femur (d) 1 - 5 - 3, patella 0, tibia (r) 1 - 1 - 1, (v) 3 - 3 - ap 3, (p) 0 - 1 - 1, metatarsus (r) 1 - 1 - 1, (v) 2 - 0 - ap 3, (p) 1 - 1 - 1. Retrolateral lobe of cymbium slightly larger than prolateral lobe. Palpal bulb with short embolus, bent distally (Fig. 4), with small subapical keel (Figs. 2 – 5). Retrolateral branch of tibial spur with spine inserted on its midlength, internal branch with spine inserted on its base (Fig. 1). Metatarsus I bends retrolaterally to tibial spur. Carapace reddish. Abdomen dark with some clear setae (Fig. 8). Female (MZSP 23224). Total length: 21.1. Carapace: length 9.17; width 7.46. Eye tubercle: length 1.32; width 1.65. Labium: length 0.64; width 1.64. Sternum: length 4.12; width 3.92. Basal segment of chelicera with 8 – 10 teeth. Labium with 3 cuspules. Maxilla with 19 – 20 cuspules. Palp: femur 4.58 / patella 3.33 / tibia 2.75 / tarsus 2.85 / total 13.51. Legs I: femur 6.59 / patella 4.57 / tibia 4.5 / metatarsus 3.98 / tarsus 2.61 / total 22.25. II: 5.75 / 3.92 / 3.71 / 3.56 / 2.5 / 19.44. III: 5.24 / 3.2 / 3.31 / 3.82 / 2.6 / 18.17. IV: 6.85 / 4.04 / 5.35 / 5.54 / 2.94 / 24.72. Spines. Palp: femur (d) 0 - 0 - p 1, patella 0, tibia (v) 0 - 2 - ap 2, (p) 0 - 1 - 0. Legs I: femur (d) 0 - 0 - p 1, patella 0, tibia (v) 0 - 1 - ap 1, (p) 0 - 1 - 0, metatarsus (v) r 1 - 0 - 0. II: femur (d) 0 - 0 - p 1, patella 0, tibia (v) 0 - 1 - ap 1, (p) 0 - 1 - 0, metatarsus (v) r 1 - 0 - 0. III: femur (d) 0 - 0 - 1, patella 0, tibia (r) 1 - 1 - 0, (v) 0 - 2 - ap 2, (p) 1 - 1 - 0, metatarsus (r) 0 - 1 - 1, (p) 1 - 1 - 1, (v) 0 - 2 - ap 2. IV: femur 0, patella 0, tibia (r) 0 - 1 - 1, (v) 0 - 1 - ap 2, metatarsus (r) 0 - 1 - 1, (v) p 1 - 4 - ap 3, (p) 0 - 1 - 0. Spermathecae paired, receptacula short, as wide as long, with apical termini (Fig. 6). Coloration similar to male (Fig. 7). Note. This species has a very wide distribution, from central Brazil to eastern Bolivia. Although spiders in different populations show variation in color (Figs. 7 – 12), they all have the same genitalia morphology, and therefore are assigned to the same species. Natural history. In their revision, Gerschman & Schiapelli (1973) stated that spiders of some Ischnocolinae can be found under stones and fallen trunks. Similarly, Vol (2001) stated that the specimens that he described, were collected inside houses as well as under rocks with silk. The specimens studied herein, from Samaipata, Bolivia (Figs. 15 – 16) were collected under rocks (Dirk Weinmann, pers. com.), as was the material from the type-locality, Catalão, Goiás, Brazil (Figs. 13 – 14). Both of these areas are dry environments, but the forest in Brazil, called " cerradão ", has a denser canopy than the habitat in Bolivia, where only some scattered trees are present. At the other locality in Bolivia, Rurrenabaque, Beni, the specimens were collected between the leaf stalk and the tree trunk (Figs. 17 – 18; Dirk Weinmann, pers. com.). Both specimens from Catalão were raised in captivity until they molted into adults. Each one was placed in a terrarium with 7 cm layer of soil and a large stone. The spiders built a tunnel web between the stone and the glass of the terrarium; the tunnel could be seen from outside (Figs. 19 – 20). Several times, the spiders were seen carrying small portions of soil grains and sticking them to the web, until the tunnel was completely covered with soil. This behavior may be interpreted as an attempt to hide the web from predators, since it would not be easily seen. The spiders were seen and fed at both entrances of the tunnel. Apparently, they showed no preferences for either entrance. Beneath the stone, the tunnels branched into several secondary, smaller tunnels through which the spider would walk rapidly.

Note. Vol (2001) established Pseudoligoxystre by comparing his material to a species then placed in Oligoxystre (O. argentineniense) and observed the following differences: embolus shorter, tarsi longer and each spermathecal receptacle bearing two apical lobes. According to Vol, Oligoxystre has a long and thin embolus and the spermethecae formed by two long tubes bearing a rounded termini. The name Pseudoligoxystre comes from the resemblance that it has with Oligoxystre, because they both have a labium wider than long with few cuspules (fewer than 10). However, when Vol described Pseudoligoxystre, the only material available to him for comparison was O. argentinense, which has since been transferred to Catumuri. It is clear that Vol used O. argentinense to differ his new genus when he mentions that the genus Oligoxystre presents the palpal bulb and spermathecae as described above. Guadanucci (2004) described Catumiri for Oligoxystre argentinense and three new species. According to his description Catumiri differs from Oligoxystre by the divided anterior tarsal scopula, spermathecae receptacles each with one apical terminus; presence of a row of teeth on the prolateral margin of the tarsal claws of males. According to Vellard (1924), Oligoxystre is characterized by the labium wider than long with 4 or 5 cuspules; maxilae with 15 – 20 cuspules; tarsal scopula I and II undivided; metatarsus I occupied by scopula until the 1 / 3 basal region and II more than apical half occupied by scopula, matching perfectly with Vol`s description of Pseudoligoxystre. It was not possible to have access to the type-material. Males from the typelocality (MZSP 26082, 26083) that match Vol's descritpion were examined. Concluding, Vol erroneously used Catumiri argentinense (instead of the description of the type species) to compare and establish Pseudoligoxystre, ignoring Vellard`s description of Oligoxystre. Catumiri comprises a different group from Oligoxystre, as described as a new genus by Guadanucci (2004). Therefore, Pseudoligoxystre is considered here junior synonym of Oligoxystre.

Diagnosis. Males may be distinguished from all other species by the palpal bulb with a short embolus with a small subapical keel (Figs. 2 – 5). Females may be distinguished by the spermathecal receptacula being as wide as long, with apical termini apical (Fig. 6).

Material examined. BOLIVIA. Santa Cruz: Samaipata, 2 ɗ (MZSP 26082, 26083); Beni: San Buenaventura, 2 ɗ (MZSP 26084, 26086), 1 Ψ (MZSP 26085). BRAZIL. Distrito Federal: Brasília, 4 Ψ (MNRJ), 3 Ψ and 1 ɗ (MNRJ), 1 ɗ (UnB 870), 1 ɗ (UnB 131), 1 Ψ (UnB 343), 1 Ψ (UnB 765), 1 ɗ (UnB 1129), 1 Ψ (UnB 1645); Sobradinho, 1 Ψ (UnB 1795), 1 ɗ (UnB 1824), 1 ɗ (UnB 1910), 1 Ψ (UnB 1993), 1 Ψ (UnB 2099), 1 ɗ (UnB 2604), 1 ɗ (UnB 2752). Goiás: Aragarças, 1 ɗ (MNRJ 3850); Catalão: Fazenda Alvorada 1 ɗ (MZSP 26076), 1 Ψ (MZSP 23224), Mineiros, 1 ɗ (IBSP 9493). Mato Grosso: Chapada dos Guimarães, 1 ɗ (IBSP 9494), (IBSP 9495), 1 Ψ (IBSP 9043), (IBSP 9504), 1 Ψ (IBSP 9503), 1 Ψ (IBSP 9505), 1 Ψ (IBSP 9143), 1 Ψ (IBSP 9040), 1 Ψ (MZSP 18978); Cuiabá, 1 ɗ (IBSP 9496); Diamantina, 1 ɗ (IBSP 5686); Manso, 1 ɗ (UnB 202), 1 j (UnB 188). Rondônia: U. H. Samuel, Porto Velho, 1 Ψ (IBSP 9506).