Heterophrynus silviae

Description of female (holotype): Carapace (Figs. 7 a – b): flattened, wider than long; prominent eyes, median eye tubercle dark-brown, without apical setae, lateral eye tubercle smaller, with around half its size. The entire margin of carapace with sinuous lines and coarse granules, anterior margin with higher sides and center, having between these shallow pits forming an ill-defined “ W ”. Overall great amount of small granules mostly anteriorly, with bundles of larger and sparser granules arranged from the fovea towards the border. Frontal process welldeveloped, with greatly widened base and getting abruptly thin in distal half, ending in a very acute hook, not exceeding frontal line of carapace, this way not visible in dorsal view. Sternum (Fig. 7 b): Tri-segmented, typical of Phrynidae. Tritosternum extremely long projected between pedipalp coxae, reaching almost half their length. With bristles on its entire length, from apex to base, with an increase in the density at base. Mesosternum convex, reduced to a small tubercle, with six to eight bristles. Metasternum practically nonexistent, reduced to a flat spot, smaller than mesosternum, with two bristles. Abdomen (Figs. 7 a – b): oblong, with almost indistinguishable punctuations, thinner than in the carapace. Chelicera: Cheliceral furrow (Figs. 9 a – b) with 3 internal teeth, the distal one bifid, the first cusp bigger than the second one II IIIb. The third tooth (middle) much smaller than the others. With 3 external teeth, the distal one bifid, the first cusp bigger than the second one II> I = IIIa> IIIb. Claw with five denticles, with the two distalmost much reduced, the second smaller than first and third. Pedipalp: Trochanter (Figs. 7 c – d): with well-developed retro-ventral apophysis and armed with four spines, the adjoining to retro-ventral apophysis the largest, twice as long as the others which are subequal. The biggest spine is of comparable size to the fourth ventral spine of pedipalpal femur. Femur (Figs. 7 c – 7 d): three dorsal spines in the main series (1> 2> 3), the first one three times bigger than the last one; prominent geminate spines before the first spine, the dorsalmost subequal to spine 2 and the other subequal to spine 3; four ventral spines (1> 2> 3> 4) of approximately the same length of the dorsal ones; one spine placed proximally to the first one, which is located more interiorly than the main series of spines, with a similar length of the third one, but less robust; last spine ½ the length of the first one. Tibia (Figs. 7 c – 7 d): six spines, main series with four spines (I = II = III> IV); two accessory spine anterior to spine I, with its length similar to spine IV; five ventral spines (III> IV> II> I> V), Basitarsus (Figs. 7 c – 7 d): two dorsal spines and two ventral spines dorsal distal> dorsal basal = ventral distal> ventral basal. The distal dorsal spine subequal to the claw. Claw (Figs. 7 c – 7 d): long, with an acute, curved tip. The males show a remarkable secondary sexual dimorphism, with pedipalps larger than in females, but never exceeding twice their size, also the total length of the femur never exceeds twice the width of the prosoma. Larger males tend to have pedipalps proportionally larger, while smaller males tend to be more similar to females. Legs: All densely setose. Ventral corner of the prolateral face of femora II – IV projecting in a distinct spiniform process. Femur length I> III> IV> II. Tibia I with 29 pseudoarticles and tarsus (basitarsus + distitarsus) I with 67 pseudoarticles in both legs. Leg IV: Basitibia: three pseudoarticles, one medial trichobothrium at the last pseudoarticle. Distitibia: (Figs. 9 c) 20 trichobothria, frontal series with six trichobothria and caudal series with seven trichobothria. Basitibia-distitibia length BT 1> DT> BT 3> BT 2. Distitarsus: with 3 pseudoarticles. Measurements: Female (n = 1): Total body length: 28.0, Cephalothorax: Length: 9.2 mm, Width: 12.0 mm. Abdomen: 17.0 mm. Pedipalp: Femur 14.5 mm, Tibia 14.0 mm, Tarsus 6.9 mm, Tarsal claw 4.5 mm. Male (n = 1): Total body length: 30.0, Cephalothorax: Length: 11.5 mm, Width: 14.1 mm. Abdomen: 17.0 mm. Pedipalp: Femur 14.5 mm, Tibia 14.0 mm, Tarsus 6.9 mm, Tarsal claw 4.5 mm. Color pattern. (In alcohol): Chelicerae, pedipalps and carapace reddish-brown. Legs lighter colored. Abdomen reddish. Genitalia. Male. (Figs. 8 a – d) PI smaller than LaM. LoL 1 densely covered with minute denticules (smaller than in H. boterorum) and smaller than LoL 2, which has a pattern of concentric ridges, resembling a Pycnoporus mushroom-like (or fingerprint-like). LoD in dorsal view subequal to Lol 1. Female. (Figs. 8 e – f) Claw of gonopod gently curved, with median third swollen, getting abruptly thin in distal third, ending in sharp point. Natural history. Specimens collected on boulders on a river bank on a slope covered with disturbed forest. This species is syntopic with other arachnids collected in the same expedition, a Thelyphonida (Giupponi & Vasconcelos 2008) and two harvestmen (Orrico & Kury 2009).