Sphendononema guildingii

Conservation. Despite its wide distribution, the species is under threat because mining and / or hydroelectrical projects are affecting numerous cave habitats (e. g., in Para and Minas Gerais states). Combined with their low-medium abundance and the lack of ecological or molecular studies, protection for this species should be considered.

Distribution. This species is widespread in Brazil, found in almost all states, except Parana, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul. Classified as a troglophile, S. guildingii was observed in limestone, quartzitic, sandstone, and iron ore caves.

Material examined. PARA: Parauapebas (Equatorial Rainforest and " Campos Rupestres "), Iron Ore: Gruta N 5 E 02, Gruta N 5 E 09, Gruta N 5 S 20, (MNRJ) 4 spec, 22. iii- 03. iv. 2005, Andrade, R. & Arnone, IS; Gruta N 5 S 02, Gruta N 5 S 06, (MNRJ) 4 spec, 03 - 13. v. 2005, Andrade, R. & Arnone, I; Gruta S 11 C 14, Gruta S 11 D 96, Gruta S 11 D 01, Gruta S 11 B 49, Gruta S 11 B 23, Gruta S 11 D 12, Gruta S 11 B 13, Gruta S 11 A 26, Gruta S 11 A 26, Gruta S 11 C 08, Gruta S 11 D 39, Gruta S 11 D 55, Gruta S 11 D 10, (MNRJ) 26 spec, 23. viii- 02. ix. 2007, Andrade, R.; Gruta N 1 22, Gruta N 1 37, Gruta N 1 173, Gruta N 1 25, Gruta N 1 37, (MNRJ) 11 spec, 28. ix- 03. x. 2007, Andrade, R.; Gruta N 5 S 37 CL; Gruta N 4 E 14 AF; Gruta N 4 E 10 AF; Gruta N 5 S 8 AF; Gruta N 5 S 5 8 AF; Gruta N 5 S 21 AF; Gruta N 4 E 26 AF; Gruta N 4 E 61 CL; Gruta N 4 E 26 CL; Gruta N 4 E 61 AF; Gruta N 5 S 8 CL; (MNRJ) 18 spec, 07 - 12. x. 2008, Andrade, R. et al.; Gruta GEM 1578 CL, (MNRJ) 3 spec, 17 - 24. x. 2008; Curionopolis (Equatorial Rainforest and " Campos Rupestres "), Iron Ore: Gruta SL 74 CL, (MNRJ) 4 spec, 17 - 24. x. 2008, Andrade, R. et al.; Canaa dos Carajas (Equatorial Rainforest and " Campos Rupestres "), Iron Ore: Gruta NV 06, (MNRJ) 1 spec, 22 - 28. ii. 2005, Andrade, R., Arnone, I.; Gruta S 11 C 0124, Gruta S 11 C 0147, Gruta S 11 C 0153, (UFMT) 4 spec, 01 - 08. viii. 2015, BioEspeleo Consultoria Ambiental; Caverna ST 0068, (UFMT) 1 spec, 26. i. 2016, BioEspeleo Consultoria Ambiental; Altamira (Equatorial Rainforest), Sandstone and Shale: Caverna Leonardo da Vinci, (UFSCAR) 1 spec, xii. 2010, Bichuette, ME., Gallao, JE., von Schimonsky, DM.; Abrigo Paratizinho, (UFSCAR) 2 spec, 04. iv. 2011, Bichuette, ME., Gallao, JE., Pedroso, DR., von Schimonsky, DM. GOIAS: Sao Domingos (Cerrado), Limestone: Lapa Sao Mateus-Imbira III, (UFSCAR) 1 spec, 11. vii. 1988, Gregeo UnB, Vendramini, G.; (UFSCAR) 1 spec, 13. ii. 2012, Bichuette, ME.; Lapa Angelica, (UFSCAR) 1 spec, 20. iv. 2011 and (UFSCAR) 1 spec, 21. iv. 2011, Bichuette, ME.; (UFSCAR) 1 spec, 31. x. 2012, Bichuette, ME.; Caverna Sumidouro I, (UFSCAR) 1 spec, 25. iv. 2012 and (UFSCAR) 1 spec, 17. vi. 2012, von Schimonsky, DM., Gallao, JE., Fernandes, CS; Formosa (Cerrado), Limestone: Buraco das Araras, (UFSCAR) 1 spec, 06. x. 2011, Vidal, G. M.; Mambai (Cerrado), Limestone: Gruta Judite, (UFSCAR) 2 spec, 01. v. 2013, Bichuette, ME., Gallao, JE., von Schimonsky, DM., Rizzato, PP., Borghezan, R.; Gruta Pasto de Vacas, (UFSCAR) 1 spec, 02. v. 2013, Bichuette, ME., Gallao, JE., von Schimonsky, DM., Rizzato, PP., Borghezan, R.; MATO GROSSO: Nobres (Cerrado), Limestone: Toca da Serra Rica, (UFSCAR) 3 spec, 04. v. 2015, Bichuette, ME., Chagas-Jr, A., Nunes, GA.; Toca do Sorvete, (UFSCAR) 1 spec, 06. v. 2015, Bichuette, ME., Chagas-Jr, A., Nunes, GA.; Mato Grosso DO SUL: Bonito (Cerrado), Limestone: Gruta Sao Mateus, (UFSCAR) 1 spec, 26. vi. 2012, Cordeiro, LM., Borghezan, R.; SERGIPE: Japaratuba (" Restinga " - Atlantic Forest and coastal vegetation), Limestone: Caverna Casa do Caboclo, (UFSCAR) 2 spec, 19. x. 2014, Bichuette, ME.; Simao Dias (Caatinga), Limestone: Toca da Raposa, (UFSCAR) 2 spec, 19. x. 2014, Bichuette, ME.; BAHIA: Carinhanha (Caatinga), Limestone: Gruna das Tres Cobras, (UFSCAR) 1 spec, 10. ix. 2008, Bichuette, ME.; Gruna Google, (UFSCAR) 2 spec, 13. ix. 2008, Bichuette, ME.; Gruna Vila Nova, (UFSCAR) 1 spec, 26. vii. 2012, Bichuette, ME., Gallao, JE., Rizzato, PP.; Gruna das Tres Cobras, (UFSCAR) 1 spec, 30. v. 2012, Bichuette, ME., Gallao, JE.; Caverna Bem Bom, (UFSCAR) 1 spec, 28. xi. 2015, Gallao, JE., Bichuette, ME.; Andarai (" Campos rupestres " highland heterogeneous vegetation on rocks), Sandstone: Gruna dos Torras, (UFSCAR) 1 spec, 19. i. 2007, Bichuette, ME.; Coribe (Caatinga), Limestone: Gruna do Enfurnado, (UFSCAR) 2 spec, ix. 2007, Trajano, E., Sansone, D.; MINAS GERAIS: Januaria (Cerrado-Caatinga transition), Limestone: Gruta do Janelao, (UFSCAR) 5 spec, 22. vii. 2012, Bichuette, ME.; Itacarambi (Cerrado-Caatinga transition), Limestone: Lapa do Branco I, (UFSCAR) 1 spec, vi. 2014 by Monte, BGO.; Lapa do Cipo, (UFSCAR) 1 spec, 10. iv. 2015, Gallao, JE., Monte, BGO and (UFSCAR) 1 spec, 26. viii. 2014, Bolfarini, MP., Monte, BGO.; Caverna Troncos, (UFSCAR) 1 spec, 11. iv. 2015, Gallao, JE., Monte, BGO.; SAO PAULO: Altinopolis (Cerrado and Semidecidous seasonal forest), Sandstone: Gruta Itambe, (UFSCAR) 1 spec, 30. vi. 2011, Bichuette, ME.; Caverna Olho de Cabra, (UFSCAR) 1 spec, 23. viii. 2016, Gallo, JS., Mello, RV, Ferro, JP.