AnimaliaacceptedsuborderAccepted
Tubuliporina

Tubuliporina

GBIF:148403721

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Descriptions(4)

Description. Colony erect, white, comprising only five autozooidal peristomes and one peristome of smaller diameter (Fig. 9 A – D). Three successive autozooids in lower part of colony comprising proximal axial part and distal peristomial part projecting at c. 45 ° from axis, each zooid budding from one below it in roughly same plane. From axil of second and third zooids in series arise two additional autozooids, with peristomes directed distally, and a third zooid, with short small peristome (Fig. 9 E – H), opening outward from midlength of the two autozooids, just distal to transverse ridge that may represent a former fracture (Fig. 9 I, J). All zooids with irregularly concentric ridges and furrows; between these, crystallites aligned in parallel vertical arrays; small simple pseudopores sparse. Peristomial rims thin, more or less circular (Fig. 9 K). Inner surface of peristomes with skeletal microstructure of distally imbricated triangular crystallites. Definite gonozooid not in evidence; dimorphic zooid bearing small-diameter peristome may represent simple female gonozooid. Ancestrula lacking; colony broken at base. Measurements (mm). Specimen ZIRAS 1 / 50674 (Fig. 9): Colony height 2.72, width 1.39; ZL 0.850 – 1.303 (1.049 ± 0.180) (n = 5); PeL 0.353 – 0.888 (0.619 ± 0.191) (n = 5); PeD 0.210 – 0.238 (0.229 ± 0.011) (n = 5); ApD 0.174 – 0.232 (0.214 ± 0.023) (n = 5). Sole female (?) (n = 1): ZL 0.953; PeL 0.213; PeD 0.128; ApD 0.122.
Grischenko, Andrei V., Gordon, Dennis P., Melnik, Viacheslav P. (2018): Bryozoa (Cyclostomata and Ctenostomata) from polymetallic nodules in the Russian exploration area, Clarion - Clipperton Fracture Zone, eastern Pacific Ocean-taxon novelty and implications of mining. Zootaxa 4484 (1): 1-91, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4484.1.1
Remarks. More specimens are needed to determine the full suite of morphological characters present in this species. The small peristome present in one zooid raises the possibility that it represents a simple ' dwarf' gonozooid. Although its opening is just distal to what might represent a fracture, and hence an instance of repair, normal reparative processes should typically result in a peristome of near-normal diameter, not a peristome about half the usual size. Insofar as two rectangulate CCZ species have what appear to be simple gonozooids instead of much-larger incubation chambers (see below under Anyutidae n. fam.), it is possible that the small-diameter peristome in this indeterminate tubuliporine might represent an oeciostome. If this is the case, then this taxon certainly represents a new genus and probably a new family. Mediating against the gonozooid interpretation is a lack of increased pseudopore density.
Grischenko, Andrei V., Gordon, Dennis P., Melnik, Viacheslav P. (2018): Bryozoa (Cyclostomata and Ctenostomata) from polymetallic nodules in the Russian exploration area, Clarion - Clipperton Fracture Zone, eastern Pacific Ocean-taxon novelty and implications of mining. Zootaxa 4484 (1): 1-91, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4484.1.1
Distribution. Recorded from a single station with coordinates 13.44816 ° N, 129.15189 ° W, at 4673 m depth.
Grischenko, Andrei V., Gordon, Dennis P., Melnik, Viacheslav P. (2018): Bryozoa (Cyclostomata and Ctenostomata) from polymetallic nodules in the Russian exploration area, Clarion - Clipperton Fracture Zone, eastern Pacific Ocean-taxon novelty and implications of mining. Zootaxa 4484 (1): 1-91, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4484.1.1
Material examined. Specimen ZIRAS 1 / 50674, colony detached from nodule, YMG R. V. Yuzhmorgeologiya cruise YMG 18 – 01, Stn 7, 18 July 2003, 13.44816 ° N, 129.15189 ° W, 4673 m. One specimen only.
Grischenko, Andrei V., Gordon, Dennis P., Melnik, Viacheslav P. (2018): Bryozoa (Cyclostomata and Ctenostomata) from polymetallic nodules in the Russian exploration area, Clarion - Clipperton Fracture Zone, eastern Pacific Ocean-taxon novelty and implications of mining. Zootaxa 4484 (1): 1-91, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4484.1.1

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FIGURE 2. Colonies of some cyclostome bryozoans, in vivo, attached to polymetallic nodules. A–E, Pandanipora helix n. gen., n. sp.: A, specimen GLD4–09, Stn 190; B, specimen GLD4–12, Stn 262; C, specimen YMG4–07, Stn 143; D, specimen YMG4–13, Stn 295; E, specimen GLD 4–11, Stn 212. F, Tubuliporina sp. indet., specimen YMG18–01, Stn 7. G, H, Abyssoecia elevata n. gen., n. sp.: G, specimen GLD4–09, Stn 196; H, specimen GLD4–09, Stn 191. I, Discantenna metallica n. sp.: specimen GLD4–11, Stn 224. J, K, Frontohornera frontalis n. gen., n. sp.: J, specimen YMG4–07, Stn 124; K, specimen GLD4–11, Stn 210. L, Alyonushka hystricosa n. gen., n. sp.: specimen GLD4–09, Stn 199. M, Calyssopora volcano n. gen., n. sp.: specimen YMG18–01, Stn 33. N, O, Anyuta anastema n. gen., n. sp.: N, specimen GLD4–09, Stn 180; O, specimen YMG4–06, Stn 71. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Imageimage/png© Grischenko, Andrei V.;Gordon, Dennis P.;Melnik, Viacheslav P.Grischenko, Andrei V.;Gordon, Dennis P.;Melnik, Viacheslav P.

FIGURE 9. Tubuliporina sp. incertae sedis. Specimen ZIRAS 1/50674. A–C, rotational and D, tilted, views of sole colony; E–H, rotational views of distal part of colony showing two autozooidal peristomes and a smaller-diameter (?female) peristome; I, J, close-ups of smaller peristome; K, close-up of right-hand peristomial aperture in D. Scale bars: A–D, 250 µm; E–H, 200 µm; I–K, 100 µm.

Imageimage/png© Grischenko, Andrei V.;Gordon, Dennis P.;Melnik, Viacheslav P.Grischenko, Andrei V.;Gordon, Dennis P.;Melnik, Viacheslav P.

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Bryozoa (Cyclostomata and Ctenostomata) from polymetallic nodules in the Russian exploration area, Clarion - Clipperton Fracture Zone, eastern Pacific Ocean-taxon novelty and implications of mining

checklist

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Grischenko, Andrei V., Gordon, Dennis P., Melnik, Viacheslav P. (2018): Bryozoa (Cyclostomata and Ctenostomata) from polymetallic nodules in the Russian exploration area, Clarion - Clipperton Fracture Zone, eastern Pacific Ocean-taxon novelty and implications of mining. Zootaxa 4484 (1): 1-91, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4484.1.1

Abstract

This work describes Bryozoa of the orders Cyclostomata and Ctenostomata found associated with polymetallic nodules collected by box-coring in the eastern part of the Russian exploration area of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCFZ) under contract to Yuzhmorgeologiya. Scanning electron microscopic study of 358 cyclostome colonies and 14 ctenostome colonies from 4510–5280 m depth has resulted in the recognition of two new species of Ctenostomata, and 14 new species, nine new genera and two new families of Cyclostomata; three additional species of Cyclostomata are left in open nomenclature pending the discovery of missing reproductive characters. The taxonomic novelty is thus notable. One of the new Ctenostomata represents the first living example of the previously monotypic Late Cretaceous genus Pierrella. Twelve of the new cyclostome taxa have well-developed gonozooids, indicating that embryonic cloning (polyembryony) is normal in this deep-sea environment. On the other hand, one indeterminate tubuliporine and two rectangulates have dimorphic peristomes. In the latter two cases, enough mature colonies were found to suggest that this feature is normal, and that the dimorphic zooids are possibly female—in other words, capacious incubation chambers are apparently lacking, and therefore polyembryony would also be lacking or reduced. In one of these species, evidence is presented to suggest that the ancestrular zooid can reproduce precociously. Of the species reported here, only one has previously been found outside the exploration area, highlighting both the limited knowledge we have of bryozoans in the deep Pacific and/or a fauna that is largely endemic to the nodule environment. An additional 31 species of Cheilostomata have also been discovered that will be described in a subsequent publication. Most bryozoans are macrofaunal-sized, so are both inadequately determinable and overlooked in images obtained by remotely operated vehicles; yet, with 50 species, Bryozoa is the most speciose sessile macrofaunal phylum on the nodules. Nodules constitute hard substrata in an area otherwise mostly inhospitable for Bryozoa, hence mining would lead to loss of critical habitat. Further, as suspension-feeders, bryozoans are highly susceptible to smothering by suspended sediment, and non-mined areas closely adjacent to extraction zones would likely also be affected and their associated bryozoan fauna obliterated. More data are required on the distribution of the CCFZ bryozoan species elsewhere in the east Central Pacific to determine if mining would lead to local taxon extirpation or global extinction at both low and high taxonomic levels.

Grischenko A V, Gordon D P, Melnik V P, plazi (2018). Bryozoa (Cyclostomata and Ctenostomata) from polymetallic nodules in the Russian exploration area, Clarion - Clipperton Fracture Zone, eastern Pacific Ocean-taxon novelty and implications of mining. Plazi.org taxonomic treatments database. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4484.1.1 accessed via GBIF.org on 2026-06-14.

CC0Published 9/25/2018View dataset
GBIF Usage Key
148403721
Dataset Key
74b777c9-eae0-4770-8c86-dcbb10fb06b3
Origin
source
Taxon ID
521587E45620551409EEFB248FDAFE0F.taxon
Last Crawled
6/10/2026
Last Interpreted
6/10/2026