Adeonella jahanai

Figs 4 – 5

Measurements Autozooids. ZL: 374 ̅ 508 (437 ± 39); ZW: 196 ̅ 304 (242 ± 31); n = 17. SOrL: 67 ̅ 99 (82 ± 13); SOrW: 78 ̅ 92 (85 ± 5); n = 7. FAvL: 71 ̅ 121 (94 ± 18); FAvW: 36 ̅ 46 (39 ± 3); n = 9. SpL: 24 ̅ 35 (30 ± 4); SpW: 24 ̅ 32 (28 ± 2); n = 7. Gonozooids. ZL: 455 ̅ 666 (515 ± 79); ZW: 250 ̅ 335 (285 ± 37); n = 6. SOrL: 57 ̅ 96 (71 ± 14); SOrW: 95 ̅ 128 (103 ± 12); n = 6. SpL: 19 ̅ 27 (23 ± 3); SpW: 38 ̅ 49 (42 ± 4); n = 6. Description Colony brown, erect, dichotomously branching, widely and irregularly spreading, forming a bushy three-dimensional structure; up to 6 cm in diameter and 5 cm high (Fig. 4 A). Branches slender, nearly uniform in width, flattened, multiserial, with zooids opening on both sides, 1.1 – 2.4 mm wide (average 1.7 mm; n = 34); rounded at tip. Autozooids oval or hexagonal, surrounded by a distinct marginal groove (Fig. 4 C – D). Frontal shield convex, entirely covered with minute granules, with about 10 – 20 small, circular or slit-like areolar pores inside each lateral margin, many additional irregular pores in central region, and one large peristomial spiramen proximal to orifice (Figs 4 C, 5 B). Peristome deep, secondary orifice circular or transversely oval. Primary orifice deeply immersed in peristome, visible only in early ontogenetic zooids; with a deep and broadly U-shaped sinus and conspicuous condyles (Fig. 4 B), 59 ̅ 78 μm (average 72 μm) long by 71 ̅ 90 μm (average 82 μm) wide (n = 5). Frontal avicularia triangular, narrow, elongate, single or paired, occurring in center of frontal shield or toward proximal margin and oriented proximally or inward (Fig. 4 C). Another frontal avicularium abutting the proximal margin of peristome, rostrum slightly projected, directed laterally (Fig. 4 D). Gonozooids present at periphery of branches (Fig. 5 E). Gonozooids larger than autozooids, with broader orifice and porous frontal shield; peristomial spiramen transversely broad, with median projection from distal margin (Fig. 5 F). Vicarious avicularia rarely present near branch bifurcations, often lacking; elongate, as long as or sometimes longer than autozooids (Fig. 5 B), 384 ̅ 617 μm (average 500 μm) long by 126 ̅ 158 μm (average 142 μm) wide (n = 2). Rostrum of vicarious avicularia lanceolate, acute, directed distally; up to 410 μm long (348 ± 97, n = 2). Large vicarious avicularia also occur along branch edges (Fig. 5 C), up to 579 μm long (572 ± 9, n = 2) by 142 μm wide (139 ± 5, n = 2). In basal part of branches and colony, autozooids are often replaced by kenozooids (Fig. 5 D); 380 ̅ 416 μm (average 400 μm) long by 252 ̅ 304 μm (average 284 μm) wide (n = 5).

Diagnosis Colony dichotomously branching; branches narrow, about 1.2 – 2.5 mm wide. Autozooids oval or hexagonal, distinct, delineated by deep groove. Frontal shield entirely covered with minute granules, with more than 10 circular or slit-like areolar pores. Peristome deep, secondary orifice circular, primary orifice with a deep and broadly U-shaped sinus, condyles short but broad and blunt. Many irregular frontal pores in central region. Frontal avicularia triangular, narrow, elongate; in center or at proximal margin of frontal shield, directed inward or proximally. Another frontal avicularium abuts proximal margin of peristome, rostrum slightly projected, directed laterally. Large, triangular vicarious avicularia present along branch margins and at bifurcations. Gonozooids slightly larger than autozooids, with porous frontal shield; secondary orifice broad, with slightly convex proximal margin.

Remarks Adeonella jahanai sp. nov. resembles A. lichenoides in having a granulated frontal shield, and in the location of the small, triangular frontal avicularium, but differs from the latter in having markedly narrower branches, numerous slit-like areolar pores on the frontal shield, elongate frontal avicularia, and the frontal avicularia directed proximally. Autozooids of Adeonella jahanai sp. nov. also differ from A. lichenoides in having another frontal avicularium, triangular, slightly projected, directing laterally, abutting the proximal margin of the peristome. Adeonella jahanai sp. nov. resembles A. extensa Harmer, 1957 in having narrow branches, gonozooids along the margin of branches, and slightly longer frontal avicularia, and in generally lacking vicarious avicularia near branch bifurcations, but differs from the latter in the direction of the frontal avicularia, and in having gonozooids with a non-tubular peristome, with the peristomial spiramen being very closely situated to the secondary orifice.

Distribution Japan: Nansei Islands (near Yakushima and west of Okinawa), at depths of 37 – 95 m.

Etymology The species is named after Mr. Yoshikazu Jahana, the fisherman who collected the holotype specimen off Motobu, Okinawa.

Material examined Holotype JAPAN: large colony collected 19 Mar. 2014 north of Motobu, Okinawa, 26 ° 42 ' 54.72 " N, 127 ° 53 ' 25.62 " E, 60 m depth, by basket net (NSMT-Te 1050). Paratypes JAPAN: several branches, same collection data as for holotype (NSMT-Te 889); single small branch collected 25 May 2009 southwest of Yakushima, 30 ° 05 ' 08.40 " N, 130 ° 04 ' 43.20 " E, 87 – 88 m depth, by dredge, T / V Toyoshio-maru (NSMT-Te 749); many branches collected 23 May 2010 south of Nagannu Island, Okinawa, 26 ° 14 ' 37.80 " N, 127 ° 32 ' 28.20 " E, 37 – 46 m depth, by dredge, T / V Toyoshiomaru (NSMT-Te 775); some fragments collected 21 May 2011 south of Nagannu Island, Okinawa, 26 ° 14 ' 39.00 " N, 127 ° 32 ' 55.20 " E to 26 ° 14 ' 43.20 " N, 127 ° 31 ' 48.60 " E, 47 – 52 m depth, by dredge, T / V Toyoshio-maru (NSMT-Te 751); some fragments collected 27 May 2012 south of Nagannu Island, Okinawa, 26 ° 14 ' 34.68 " N, 127 ° 32 ' 1.26 " E to 26 ° 14 ' 36.66 " N, 127 ° 31 ' 54.18 " E, 52 – 54 m depth, by dredge, T / V Toyoshio-maru (NSMT-Te 804); some fragments collected 27 May 2012 east of Maeshima Island, Okinawa, 26 ° 11 ' 41.40 " N, 127 ° 27 ' 20.34 " E to 26 ° 11 ' 39.90 " N, 127 ° 27 ' 18.36 " E, 55 – 57 m depth, by dredge, T / V Toyoshio-maru (NSMT-Te 805); some fragments collected 28 May 2012 south of Iejima Island, Okinawa, 26 ° 39 ' 14.28 " N, 127 ° 41 ' 47.52 " E to 26 ° 39 ' 19.38 " N, 127 ° 41 ' 52.98 " E, 94 – 95 m depth, by dredge, T / V Toyoshio-maru (NSMT-Te 806).