AnimaliaNot EvaluatedacceptedspeciesAccepted
Fredericella borealis
Wood, 2022
GBIF:203932739
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Synonyms
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Descriptions(7)
(Figs 1 b, e; 12 a, b)
Wood, Timothy S. (2022): Phylactolaemate bryozoans at the Zoological Survey of India and a taxonomic key to Indian Phylactolaemata. Zootaxa 5200 (2): 401-435, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5200.5.1
Description. Colony appearing as narrow tubules with zooids and branches widely spaced; an early series of zooids growing along the substratum, those upright zooids later producing new series of branching tubules that may be largely free of the substratum; tubules lightly frosted to nearly opaque, with diameter of 0.18 to 0.37 mm., those along the substratum conspicuously keeled; 18 – 22 lophophore tentacles roughly equal in length and arranged in a circle around the mouth; statoblasts, formed within both attached and free branches, consisting of a naked capsule with no enveloping periblast; entire statoblast surface bearing a fine reticulum that extends to the suture, the reticulum more prominent on the frontal valve than the basal valve, thin vestiges of a weak attachment ring sometimes occurring on the basal valve and merging with a locally sclerotized portion of the ectocyst.
Wood, Timothy S. (2022): Phylactolaemate bryozoans at the Zoological Survey of India and a taxonomic key to Indian Phylactolaemata. Zootaxa 5200 (2): 401-435, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5200.5.1
Diagnosis. Statoblasts heavily reticulated, including areas immediately on either side of the suture, interstices about 5 – 6 µm in diameter.
Wood, Timothy S. (2022): Phylactolaemate bryozoans at the Zoological Survey of India and a taxonomic key to Indian Phylactolaemata. Zootaxa 5200 (2): 401-435, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5200.5.1
Remarks. Two other fredericellid species are known to have similar reticulation on the statoblast: (1) Fredericella crenulata DuBois-Reymond Marcus, 1946, known only from the vicinity of Lake Titicaca, the statoblast serrated around the entire suture (Fig. 13 c); (2) Fredericella indica Annandale, 1909, known only from India and Sri Lanka, the statoblast reticulation weakening and disappearing towards either side of the suture (Fig. 1 a, c, d).
Wood, Timothy S. (2022): Phylactolaemate bryozoans at the Zoological Survey of India and a taxonomic key to Indian Phylactolaemata. Zootaxa 5200 (2): 401-435, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5200.5.1
Distribution. This is the dominant fredericellid in North America; it has also been reported from Germany (Massard & Geimer 1996), Japan (Hirose & Mawatari 2011 a), and Norway, especially north of the Arctic Circle (Økland & Økland 2001).
Wood, Timothy S. (2022): Phylactolaemate bryozoans at the Zoological Survey of India and a taxonomic key to Indian Phylactolaemata. Zootaxa 5200 (2): 401-435, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5200.5.1
Etymology. The Latin borealis (northern) refers to the northern distribution of the species in North America and Europe, in contrast to F. indica, known so far only from the Indian subcontinent.
Wood, Timothy S. (2022): Phylactolaemate bryozoans at the Zoological Survey of India and a taxonomic key to Indian Phylactolaemata. Zootaxa 5200 (2): 401-435, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5200.5.1
Holotype. NHMUK 2015.3. 14.1, Fredericella borealis, collected 23 September 1994 from traveling screens, Springfield City Water, Light & Power drawing water from Springfield Lake, Springfield, Illinois, USA (in ethanol).
Wood, Timothy S. (2022): Phylactolaemate bryozoans at the Zoological Survey of India and a taxonomic key to Indian Phylactolaemata. Zootaxa 5200 (2): 401-435, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5200.5.1
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CLASSIFICATION
Taxonomic Classification Tree
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Synonyms(2)
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Media Files(3)
FIGURE 1. Fredericella statoblast valves with pitted exterior. (a) Fredericella indica statoblast valve showing a smooth surface at the ends, from Annandale’s type specimen, ZSI 3479, valve has curled upon drying; (b) Fredericella borealis showing pitted surface at the ends, from Magerøya Island, Norway; (c) Fredericella indica, lateral view showing smooth region near the suture, from NHMUK 1914.10.2.1, Colombo, Sri Lanka; (d) Enlargement of previous photo; (e) Enlarged view of suture area of F. borealis from Illinois, USA, showing reticulation extending to the suture. Scale bars for a–c = 100 µm, scale bars for d–e = 20 µm.
Imageimage/png© Wood, Timothy S.Wood, Timothy S.
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