AnimaliaNot EvaluatedacceptedphylumAccepted

Annelida

lađasmáđut(+57)

GBIF:42

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PROFILE

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ABOUT

Descriptions(13)

(Fig. 17)

Identification of fossil worm tubes from Phanerozoic hydrothermal vents and cold seeps

Description. Pyritic tubes 0.3 – 7.0 mm in diameter, nontapering, sometimes gently curved and with smooth walls (Fig. 17 A, B) (Little et al. 1999 c). The tube walls were originally described to be formed of fine-grained pyrite which is occasionally colloform (Little et al. 1999 c). In thin sections examined during the present study, the tube walls appear thick and may be multi-layered (Fig. 17 C), and some also appear to be comprised of framboidal pyrite (Fig. 17 D).

Identification of fossil worm tubes from Phanerozoic hydrothermal vents and cold seeps

Remarks. These tubes exhibit few distinguishing characteristics, which led to their previous diagnosis as indeterminate? annelid tubes (Little et al. 1999 c). As we were unable to find further characters, the tubes were largely unresolved within cluster and cladistic analyses (Figs 22, 24). The indeterminate status of the tubes is therefore maintained. They are tentatively suggested to be annelid tubes due to their smooth, thick and possibly multi-layered walls, and as they do not closely resemble the tubes of other Palaeozoic tubicolous animals.

Identification of fossil worm tubes from Phanerozoic hydrothermal vents and cold seeps

Material. NHMUK VF 71, cluster of tubes. Collected by C. T. S. Little. Occurrence. Sibay massive sulphide deposit, southern Ural Mountains, Russia (52 º 41.66 ' N, 58 º 38.15 ' E). Middle-Lower Devonian (Little et al. 1999 c; Shpanskaya et al. 1999).

Identification of fossil worm tubes from Phanerozoic hydrothermal vents and cold seeps

‘ Sibay tubes’

Identification of fossil worm tubes from Phanerozoic hydrothermal vents and cold seeps

Description. Carbonate tube sections measuring 2.9 – 5.7 mm in diameter, all fairly straight, and not attached to other tubes. The long tube appears unornamented (Fig. 14 A) and the tube with a black wall is smooth and shows no ornamentation apart from a possible small collar (Fig. 14 B), while the remaining tube fragment bears what may be faint longitudinal wrinkles (Fig. 14 C). In thin section, some of the tubes exhibit thick, neatly multi-layered walls (Fig. 14 D, E). Curving delaminated layers can also be observed in some of the tube sections (Fig. 14 F), suggesting that they were originally organic in composition. A subset of tubes exhibit diffuse (poorly preserved?) tube walls (Fig. 14 G).

Identification of fossil worm tubes from Phanerozoic hydrothermal vents and cold seeps

‘ Sassenfjorden area tubes’ (Fig. 14) 2011 ‘ vestimentiferan’ worm tubes Hammer et al. 21, fig. 5 d. 2012 worm tubes Hryniewicz, Hammer et al. 118, fig. 5 a.

Identification of fossil worm tubes from Phanerozoic hydrothermal vents and cold seeps

Remarks. Non-serpulid, originally organic-walled tubes from the Sassenfjorden area were suggested to have been made by siboglinids (Hammer et al. 2011; Hryniewicz et al. 2015). However, the tubes examined do not clearly group with the tubes of modern annelid families included in cladistic and cluster analyses (Figs 22, 24). The tube sections with thick, neatly multi-layered walls that were observed within this study were possibly made by vestimentiferans, in which this tube structure is widely observed. However, the broad morphology of this tube is presently unknown, and tubes from this deposit in general warrant further investigation as several different tube types are present. Hence, these tubes are broadly ascribed to the annelids.

Identification of fossil worm tubes from Phanerozoic hydrothermal vents and cold seeps

Material. Svalbard 2007 - 03, long tube with yellowish wall. PMO 2009 - 01, single tube with dark black wall. PMO 2009 - 03: single tube with longitudinal wrinkles. 171.002 D, 170.996, 171.027, selection of thin sections of different tubes. Donated by K. Hryniewicz. Occurrence. Sassenfjorden area, Svalbard. Seep carbonates in shale and shale and siltstone, Slottsmøya Member, upper Agardhfjellet Formation, Volgian – Ryazanian (latest Jurassic – earliest Cretaceous) (Hammer et al. 2011; Hryniewicz et al. 2012, 2015; Vinn et al. 2014).

Identification of fossil worm tubes from Phanerozoic hydrothermal vents and cold seeps

Description. Carbonate tubes mostly straight and exhibiting a wide range of diameters, from 1.0 to 7.9 mm, preserved in clusters mostly of similar-sized tubes (Fig. 1 A, B). In some clusters, tubes are preserved in the same orientation (Fig. 1 B). The tubes are non-branching, large-diameter fragments taper somewhat (Fig. 1 A), and some tube walls appear to be touching others (Fig. 1 B, F). Tube walls are mostly smooth (Fig. 1 C); however, one tube exhibits small round textures on its surface (Fig. 1 D) while another small-diameter tube bears fine, long, continuous longitudinal wrinkles (Fig. 1 B). Tube walls appear to have been originally fibrous as in places torn fibres are preserved (Fig. 1 E), and some of the tubes also seem to have been originally flexible due to the occurrence of irregular tube cross-sections (Fig. 1 F). The tubes show pronounced organic content (Fig. 1 G; Supplementary File 1, Table S 9). The tubes also appear originally to have been multi-layered (Fig. 1 E, G, H), with delamination occurring between some layers (Fig. 1 H). Some tube sections show well-consolidated lamination that is many layers thick (Fig. 1 G, H).

Identification of fossil worm tubes from Phanerozoic hydrothermal vents and cold seeps

‘ Rocky Knob tubes’ (Fig. 1) 2008 worm tubes Campbell, Francis, Collins, Gregory, Nelson, Greinert, & Aharon: 90, fig. 4 b, c. 2010 worm tubes Saether, Little, & Campbell: 510, fig. 3 c. 2011? Siboglinidae Saether: 73, fig. 5.1 e – i.

Identification of fossil worm tubes from Phanerozoic hydrothermal vents and cold seeps

Remarks. Tubes from Rocky Knob have previously been tentatively ascribed to siboglinids (Saether 2011). However, cluster and cladistic analyses (Figs 22, 24) failed to place these tubes among the siboglinids or any other annelid families included in the analyses. Noting their similarity to vestimentiferan tubes, we therefore assign these tubes to the annelids only, as more information would be required to assign them to siboglinids. The abundance of these tubes at this ancient seep, large diameter range, generally smooth organic tube walls, and the thick, neatly multi-layered tube wall appearance in some of the specimens do suggest a vestimentiferan affinity. The round structures (Fig. 1 D) present on the surface of a large-diameter tube may constitute the circular bases of aragonite botryoids (Fig. 1 F).

Identification of fossil worm tubes from Phanerozoic hydrothermal vents and cold seeps

Material. RK- 5, block of many large-diameter tubes, mostly in the same orientation. RK- 15 B- 6, block of small-diameter tubes mostly in the same orientation. RNT 1, many similar-sized tubes, mostly in the same orientation. RNT 2, dense aggregation of small-diameter tubes in a range of orientations. 12 - RK, small and larger diameter tubes, mostly in the same orientation. Donated by K. A. Campbell and collected by C. T. S. Little. Occurrence. Rocky Knob, northern Hawke’s Bay area, east coast of North Island, New Zealand (~ 38 º 19 ’ S, 177 º 56 ’ E). Seep carbonates occurring as isolated lenses in mudstone, Bexhaven Limestone Formation, Tolaga Group, Middle Miocene (Campbell et al. 2008; Saether et al. 2010; Saether 2011).

Identification of fossil worm tubes from Phanerozoic hydrothermal vents and cold seeps

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GEOGRAPHY

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REGIONS

Geographic Distribution(4)

not evaluated

Vermont-US(US)

DATA

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Common names used for this species across different languages and regions. Available in 13 languages and 8 countries. 6 preferred.

lađasmáđutsme★leddmakkarnno★leddormernob★ringmaskarswe★ringwormennld★+53 more

Vernacular (common) names are the everyday names used for a species in different languages and regions. A single species may have dozens of common names worldwide. This taxon has names in 13 languages. 6 names preferred.

Anelídeo

por

Source: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)Source taxon #101688009

Annelids

eng

Source: Martha's Vineyard species checklistSource taxon #206230271

Annelids

eng

Source: Checklist of Vermont SpeciesSource taxon #160796896

Annélides, Vers annelés

fraFRfra

Source: TAXREFSource taxon #222460135

Ledorme

danDK

Source: National Checklist of all species occurring in DenmarkSource taxon #307075324

Segmented Worms

engUS

Source: Martha's Vineyard species checklistSource taxon #206230271

Segmented Worms

engUS

Source: Checklist of Vermont SpeciesSource taxon #160796896

Worm

engUS

Source: Checklist of Vermont SpeciesSource taxon #160796896

Worm

engUS

Source: Martha's Vineyard species checklistSource taxon #206230271

annelids

eng

Source: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)Source taxon #101688009

annélides

fra

Source: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)Source taxon #101688009

minhoca

por

Source: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)Source taxon #101688009

nivelmadot

finFI

Source: The FinBIF checklist of Finnish speciesSource taxon #257956352

ringmaskar

swe

Source: AnnelidaSource taxon #114227480

ringwormen

nldBE

Source: Belgian Species ListSource taxon #100382408

sanguessuga

por

Source: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)Source taxon #101688009

segmented worms

engGBeng

Source: TAXREFSource taxon #222460135

segmented worms

eng

Source: AnnelidaSource taxon #114227480

worm

eng

Source: The Paleobiology DatabaseSource taxon #121280274

worm

eng

Source: The Paleobiology DatabaseSource taxon #137398535

Кільчасті черви

ukr

Source: AnnelidaSource taxon #114227480

lađasmáđut

sme★ preferredNO

Source taxon #168016409

leddmakkar

nno★ preferredNO

Source taxon #168016409

leddormer

nob★ preferredNO

Source taxon #168016409

ringmaskar

swe★ preferredSE

Source: Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databasSource taxon #159988248

ringwormen

nld★ preferred

Source: WRiMSSource taxon #157126415

ringwormen

nld★ preferred

Source: World Register of Marine SpeciesSource taxon #154946062

Anneliden

deu

Source: WRiMSSource taxon #157126415

Anneliden

deu

Source: World Register of Marine SpeciesSource taxon #154946062

Annelids

eng

Source: United Kingdom Species Inventory (UKSI)Source taxon #180161840

Borstenfüßer

deu

Source: World Register of Marine SpeciesSource taxon #154946062

Borstenfüßer

deu

Source: WRiMSSource taxon #157126415

European Sea Mouse

eng

Source: Martha's Vineyard species checklistSource taxon #206230271

European Sea Mouse

eng

Source: Checklist of Vermont SpeciesSource taxon #160796896

European sea mouse

eng

Source: World Register of Marine SpeciesSource taxon #154946062

European sea mouse

eng

Source: WRiMSSource taxon #157126415

Gliederwürmer

deu

Source: World Register of Marine SpeciesSource taxon #154946062

Gliederwürmer

deu

Source: WRiMSSource taxon #157126415

Ringelwürmer

deu

Source: WRiMSSource taxon #157126415

Ringelwürmer

deu

Source: World Register of Marine SpeciesSource taxon #154946062

Worm

eng

Source: United Kingdom Species Inventory (UKSI)Source taxon #180161840

Worms

engUS

Source: Checklist of Vermont SpeciesSource taxon #160796896

Worms

eng

Source: United Kingdom Species Inventory (UKSI)Source taxon #180161840

Worms

engUS

Source: Martha's Vineyard species checklistSource taxon #206230271

Worms

eng

Source: United Kingdom Species Inventory (UKSI)Source taxon #180161840

annelids

eng

Source: World Register of Marine SpeciesSource taxon #154946062

annelids

eng

Source: WRiMSSource taxon #157126415

gelede wormen

nld

Source: World Register of Marine SpeciesSource taxon #154946062

gelede wormen

nld

Source: WRiMSSource taxon #157126415

leddormar

nobNO

Source taxon #168016409

ringmaskar

swe

Source: WRiMSSource taxon #157126415

ringmaskar

swe

Source: World Register of Marine SpeciesSource taxon #154946062

segmented worms

eng

Source: World Register of Marine SpeciesSource taxon #154946062

segmented worms

eng

Source: WRiMSSource taxon #157126415

Кільчасті черви

ukr

Source: World Register of Marine SpeciesSource taxon #154946062

Кільчасті черви

ukr

Source: WRiMSSource taxon #157126415

環形動物門

jpn

Source: World Register of Marine SpeciesSource taxon #154946062

環形動物門

jpn

Source: WRiMSSource taxon #157126415

CLASSIFICATION

Taxonomic Classification Tree

AnimaliaAnnelida

Animalia2,981,931

Annelida

HIERARCHY

Child Taxa(50)

Related Name Usages(20)

Matching names from other GBIF-indexed checklists and datasets.

MULTIMEDIA

Media Files(9)

Figure 17. ‘Sibay tubes’, NHMUK VF71, Devonian, Sibay, Russia. A, hand specimen showing cluster of tubes in various orientations. B, detail of tube wall showing smooth appearance. C, detail of the walls of three adjacent tubes in transverse section; walls appear thick and multi-layered. D, detail of framboidal pyrite preserving tube walls. Scale bars: A = 3 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 500 µm; D = 10 µm.

Imageimage/png© Georgieva, Magdalena N.;Little, Crispin T. S.;Watson, Jonathan S.;Sephton, Mark A.;Ball, Alexander D.;Glover, Adrian G.Identification of fossil worm tubes from Phanerozoic hydrothermal vents and cold seeps

Figure 22. Strict consensus cladogram of the three most parsimonious trees of tubes built by a total of 43 modern annelid taxa (best score = 14.344, consistency index = 0.308, retention index = 0.629). The analysis was based on the 48 mostly morphological tube characters and was performed using implied character weighting (k = 3). Numbers on nodes represent groups present/contradicted support values. Symbols/colours indicate taxonomic affinities.

Figure 24. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy spectra of the organic tubes of vent and seep annelids. Spectra are offset on the absorbance axis, and key spectral absorbance peaks are labelled with the types of chemical bonds they represent: -NH, nitrogenhydrogen; -CH, carbon-hydrogen; -OH, oxygen-hydrogen. The regions of the tube analysed are as follows: Tevnia jerichonana (anterior, inner tube wall); Zenkevitchiana longissimi (middle, outer tube wall); Lamellibrachia anaximandri (posterior, outer tube wall); Sclerolinum contortum (anterior, outer tube wall); Alvinella sp. (middle); Spiochaetopterus izuensis (middle, outer tube wall).

Figure 14. ‘Sassenfjorden area tubes’, Volgian–Ryazanian, Svalbard. A–C, hand specimens of tubes; A, Svalbard 2007-03, long tube with poorly preserved walls; B, PMO 2009-01, smooth-walled tube possibly with a small collar; C, PMO 2009-03, tube with possible longitudinal wrinkles. D, E, 171.002D, near-transverse sections of tubes with thick, neatly-multi-layered walls. F, 170.996, detail from transverse section of a tube where the tube exhibits curving layers that have separated. G, 171.027, tube with poorly preserved walls. Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B = 2 mm; C = 5 mm; D, E = 300 µm; F = 100 µm; G = 200 µm.

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CITATIONS

References(26)

Brusca, Richard C., and Gary J. Brusca, 1990: null. Invertebrates. xiii + 992.

Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

Glasby, Christopher J.; Biriukova, Olga; Martin, Patrick; Dyne, Geoffrey R.; Utevsky, Serge; Wilson, Robin S. (2025). ANNiKEY Linear – diagnoses, descriptions, and a single-access identification key to Annelida family-level taxa. <em>ZooKeys.</em> 1247: 217-403.

identification resourceWorld Register of Marine SpeciesDOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1247.137606

identification resourceWRiMSDOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1247.137606

Gärdenfors, Hall, Hallingbäck, Hansson & Hedström (2003) Djur, svampar och växter i Sverige 2003. Förteckning över antal arter per familj.

Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas

Hayward, P.J. & J.S. Ryland (Eds.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. <em>Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK.</em> 627 pp.

additional sourceWorld Register of Marine Species

Species Profile

Characteristics

Descriptions(13)

Distribution Map

Occurrence Map

Geographic Distribution(4)

Occurrence Datasets

Vernacular Names

Taxonomic Classification Tree

Child Taxa(50)

Related Name Usages(20)

Media Files(9)

Gallery(9)

Occurrences with images

References(26)