AnimaliaacceptedfamilyAcceptedRestricted
Argasidae

Argasidae

mjuka fästingar(+38)

GBIF:9168

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Descendants

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Genera

PROFILE

Species Profile

Characteristics

Extant 93.9 to 13.82 Ma

ABOUT

Descriptions(1)

2. Antricola centralis de la Cruz and Estrada-Peña, 1995 (Carios) 3. Antricola cernyi de la Cruz, 1978 (Carios) 4. Antricola coprophilus (McIntosh, 1935) (Carios). This is the type species of the genus Antricola; it was originally named Ornithodoros coprophilus. 5. Antricola delacruzi Estrada-Peña, Barros-Battesti and Venzal, 2004 (Carios) 6. Antricola granasi de la Cruz, 1973 (Carios) 7. Antricola guglielmonei Estrada-Peña, Barros-Battesti and Venzal, 2004 (Carios) 8. Antricola habanensis de la Cruz, 1976 (Carios) 9. Antricola hummelincki de la Cruz and Estrada-Peña, 1995 (Carios) 10. Antricola inexpectata Estrada-Peña, Barros-Battesti and Venzal, 2004 (Carios) 11. Antricola marginatus (Banks, 1910) (Carios, Parantricola). This is the type species of the genus Parantricola; it was originally named Ornithodoros marginatus. 12. Antricola martelorum de la Cruz, 1978 (Carios) 13. Antricola mexicanus Hoffmann, 1958 (Carios). Some authors have listed the year 1958 for the original description of Antricola mexicanus while others have used the year 1959. An inquiry to the U. S. Library of Congress has shown that Hoffmann (1958) was actually published in 1958. 14. Antricola naomiae de la Cruz, 1978 (Carios) 15. Antricola occidentalis de la Cruz, 1978 (Carios) 16. Antricola siboneyi de la Cruz and Estrada-Peña, 1995 (Carios) 17. Antricola silvai Č erný, 1967 (Carios) 1. Argas abdussalami Hoogstraal and McCarthy, 1965 2. Argas africolumbae Hoogstraal, Kaiser, Walker, Ledger, Converse and Rice, 1975 3. Argas arboreus Kaiser, Hoogstraal and Kohls, 1964 4. Argas assimilis Teng and Song, 1983 5. Argas australiensis Kohls and Hoogstraal, 1962 (Carios) 6. Argas beijingensis Teng, 1983 7. Argas beklemischevi Pospelova-Shtrom, Vasil´yeva and Semashko, 1963 8. Argas boueti Roubaud and Colas-Belcour, 1933 (Carios) 9. Argas brevipes Banks, 1908 10. Argas brumpti Neumann, 1907 (Ogadenus). This is the type species of the genus Ogadenus. 11. Argas bureschi Dryenski, 1957 12. Argas ceylonensis Hoogstraal and Kaiser, 1968 (Carios) 13. Argas confusus Hoogstraal, 1955 (Carios) 14. Argas cooleyi Kohls and Hoogstraal, 1960. If Ornithodoros cooleyi McIvor, 1941 belongs to Argas, it has priority here. 15. Argas cordiformis Hoogstraal and Kohls, 1967 (Carios) 16. Argas cucumerinus Neumann, 1901 17. Argas dalei Clifford, Keirans, Hoogstraal and Corwin, 1976 18. Argas daviesi Kaiser and Hoogstraal, 1973 (Carios) 19. Argas delicatus Neumann, 1910. This species is very close to A. vulgaris, as discussed in Guglielmone et al. (2009). We consider both names valid until the types can be compared. 20. Argas dewae Kaiser and Hoogstraal, 1974 (Carios) 21. Argas dulus Keirans, Clifford and Capriles, 1971 22. Argas echinops Hoogstraal, Uilenberg and Blanc, 1967 (Ogadenus) 23. Argas falco Kaiser and Hoogstraal, 1974 24. Argas giganteus Kohls and Clifford, 1968 25. Argas gilcolladoi Estrada-Peña, Lucientes and Sánchez, 1987 26. Argas hermanni Audouin, 1826 27. Argas himalayensis Hoogstraal and Kaiser, 1973 28. Argas hoogstraali Morel and Vassiliades, 1965 (Ogadenus) 29. Argas japonicus Yamaguti, Clifford and Tipton, 1968 30. Argas keiransi Estrada-Peña, Venzal and González-Acuña, 2003 31. Argas lagenoplastis Froggatt, 1906 32. Argas latus Filippova, 1961 33. Argas lowryae Kaiser and Hoogstraal, 1975 34. Argas macrodermae Hoogstraal, Moorhouse, Wolf and Wassef, 1977 (Carios) 35. Argas macrostigmatus Filippova, 1961 36. Argas magnus Neumann, 1896 37. Argas miniatus Koch, 1844 38. Argas monachus Keirans, Radovsky and Clifford, 1973 39. Argas monolakensis Schwan, Corwin and Brown, 1992 40. Argas moreli Keirans, Hoogstraal and Clifford, 1979 41. Argas neghmei Kohls and Hoogstraal, 1961 42. Argas nullarborensis Hoogstraal and Kaiser, 1973 43. Argas persicus (Oken, 1818) 44. Argas polonicus Siuda, Hoogstraal, Clifford and Wassef, 1979 45. Argas pusillus Kohls, 1950 (Carios) 46. Argas radiatus Railliet, 1893 47. Argas reflexus (Fabricius, 1794). This is the type species of the genus Argas; it was originally named Acarus reflexus. 48. Argas ricei Hoogstraal, Kaiser, Clifford and Keirans, 1975 49. Argas robertsi Hoogstraal, Kaiser and Kohls, 1968 50. Argas sanchezi Dugès, 1887 51. Argas sinensis Jeu and Zhu, 1982 (Carios) 52. Argas streptopelia Kaiser, Hoogstraal and Horner, 1970 53. Argas striatus Bedford, 1932 54. Argas theilerae Hoogstraal and Kaiser, 1970 55. Argas transgariepinus White, 1846 (Ogadenus) 56. Argas transversus Banks, 1902 (Microargas, Ornithodoros). This is the type species of the genus Microargas; it was originally named Argas transversa. 57. Argas tridentatus Filippova, 1961 58. Argas vespertilionis (Latreille, 1796) (Carios). This is the type species of the genus Carios; it was originally named Carios vespertilionis. Camicas et al. (1998) and Barker and Murrell (2008) consider Argas / Carios fischeri Audouin, 1826 a valid name, while Guglielmone et al. (2009) follow Hoogstraal (1958) and Filippova (1964) in considering this name a provisional synonym of A. vespertilionis. 59. Argas vulgaris Filippova, 1961. See A. delicatus. 60. Argas walkerae Kaiser and Hoogstraal, 1969 61. Argas zumpti Hoogstraal, Kaiser and Kohls, 1968 1. Nothoaspis reddelli Keirans and Clifford, 1975 (Carios). This is the type species of the genus Nothoaspis. 1. Ornithodoros acinus Whittick, 1938 (Alveonasus, Argas) 2. Ornithodoros alactagalis Issaakjan, 1936 (Alectorobius) 3. Ornithodoros amblus Chamberlin, 1920 (Alectorobius, Carios) 4. Ornithodoros antiquus Poinar, 1995. Fossil. 5. Ornithodoros apertus Walton, 1962 6. Ornithodoros aragaoi Fonseca, 1960 (Alectorobius, Carios). We consider this name to be provisionally valid, pending type comparison with O. rudis (Guglielmone et al. 2009). 7. Ornithodoros arenicolous Hoogstraal, 1953 (Alectorobius) 8. Ornithodoros asperus Warburton, 1918 (Alectorobius). See O. verrucosus. 9. Ornithodoros azteci Matheson, 1935 (Alectorobius, Carios) 10. Ornithodoros batuensis Hirst, 1929 (Alectorobius, Carios) 11. Ornithodoros brasiliensis Aragão, 1923 (Alectorobius) 12. Ornithodoros brodyi Matheson, 1935 (Alectorobius, Carios) 13. Ornithodoros camicasi (Sylla, Cornet and Marchand, 1997) (Alectorobius, Carios) 14. Ornithodoros canestrinii (Birula, 1895) (Argas, Alveonasus) 15. Ornithodoros capensis Neumann, 1901 (Alectorobius, Carios) 16. Ornithodoros casebeeri Jones and Clifford, 1972 (Alectorobius, Carios) 17. Ornithodoros cheikhi Vermeil, Marjolet and Vermeil, 1997 (Alectorobius, Carios) 18. Ornithodoros chironectes Jones and Clifford, 1972 (Alectorobius, Carios) 19. Ornithodoros chiropterphila Dhanda and Rajagopalan, 1971 (Alectorobius, Carios) 20. Ornithodoros cholodkovskyi Pavlovsky, 1930 (Alectorobius) 21. Ornithodoros clarki Jones and Clifford, 1972 (Carios) 22. Ornithodoros collocaliae Hoogstraal, Kadarsan, Kaiser and Van Peenen, 1974 (Alectorobius, Carios) 23. Ornithodoros compactus Walton, 1962 24. Ornithodoros concanensis Cooley and Kohls, 1941 (Alectorobius, Carios) 25. Ornithodoros coniceps (Canestrini, 1890) (Alectorobius, Carios) 26. Ornithodoros cooleyi McIvor, 1941 (Alveonasus, Argas). If this species belongs to Argas, it has priority over A. cooleyi Kohls and Hoogstraal, 1960. 27. Ornithodoros coriaceus Koch, 1844 28. Ornithodoros cyclurae de la Cruz, 1984 (Alectorobius, Carios) 29. Ornithodoros darwini Kohls, Clifford and Hoogstraal, 1969 (Alectorobius, Carios) 30. Ornithodoros delanoei Roubaud and Colas-Belcour, 1931 (Alveonasus, Argas) 31. Ornithodoros denmarki Kohls, Sonenshine and Clifford, 1965 (Alectorobius, Carios) 32. Ornithodoros dugesi Mazzotti, 1943 (Alectorobius, Carios). We consider this name to be provisionally valid (Guglielmone et al. 2009), although it is generally regarded as a synonym of O. talaje. 33. Ornithodoros dusbabeki Č erný, 1967 (Alectorobius, Carios) 34. Ornithodoros dyeri Cooley and Kohls, 1940 (Alectorobius, Carios) 35. Ornithodoros eboris Theiler, 1959 (Alveonasus, Argas) 36. Ornithodoros echimys Kohls, Clifford and Jones, 1969 (Alectorobius, Carios) 37. Ornithodoros elongatus Kohls, Sonenshine and Clifford, 1965 (Alectorobius, Carios) 38. Ornithodoros eptesicus Kohls, Clifford and Jones, 1969 (Alectorobius, Carios) 39. Ornithodoros eremicus Cooley and Kohls, 1941 40. Ornithodoros erraticus (Lucas, 1849) (Alectorobius) 41. Ornithodoros faini Hoogstraal, 1960 (Alectorobius, Carios) 42. Ornithodoros foleyi Parrot, 1928 (Alveonasus, Argas) 43. Ornithodoros fonsecai (Labruna and Venzal, 2009) (n. syn.) (Alectorobius, Carios). This species was recently described by Labruna and Venzal (2009), who placed it in the genus Carios. However, its morphology indicates that it should be included as a member of Ornithodoros (as in this classification) or Alectorobius. 44. Ornithodoros furcosus Neumann, 1908 (Alectorobius) 45. Ornithodoros galapagensis Kohls, Clifford and Hoogstraal, 1969 (Alectorobius, Carios) 46. Ornithodoros graingeri Heisch and Guggisberg, 1953 (Alectorobius) 47. Ornithodoros grenieri Klein, 1965 (Alectorobius) 48. Ornithodoros gurneyi Warburton, 1926 49. Ornithodoros hadiae (Klompen, Keirans and Durden, 1995) (Alectorobius, Carios) 50. Ornithodoros hasei (Schulze, 1935) (Alectorobius, Carios) 51. Ornithodoros hermsi Wheeler, Herms and Meyer, 1935 (Alectorobius) 52. Ornithodoros indica Rau and Rao, 1971 53. Ornithodoros jerseyi (Klompen and Grimaldi, 2001) (Carios). Fossil. 54. Ornithodoros jul Schulze, 1940 (Alectorobius, Carios) 55. Ornithodoros kelleyi Cooley and Kohls, 1941 (Alectorobius, Carios) 56. Ornithodoros knoxjonesi Jones and Clifford, 1972 (Alectorobius, Carios). We consider this name provisionally valid, pending comparison with O. dyeri (Guglielmone et al. 2009). 57. Ornithodoros kohlsi Guglielmone and Keirans, 2002 (Alectorobius, Carios). Originally named O. boliviensis Kohls and Clifford, 1964, which is preoccupied (Guglielmone et al. 2009). 58. Ornithodoros lahorensis Neumann, 1908 (Alveonasus, Argas). This is the type species of the genus Alveonasus. 59. Ornithodoros macmillani Hoogstraal and Kohls, 1966 (Alectorobius) 60. Ornithodoros madagascariensis Hoogstraal, 1962 (Alectorobius, Carios) 61. Ornithodoros marinkellei Kohls, Clifford and Jones, 1969 (Alectorobius, Carios) 62. Ornithodoros maritimus Vermeil and Marguet, 1967 (Alectorobius, Carios) 63. Ornithodoros marmosae Jones and Clifford, 1972 (Alectorobius, Carios) 64. Ornithodoros marocanus Velu, 1919. We consider this name provisionally valid, pending type comparison with O. erraticus (Guglielmone et al. 2009). 65. Ornithodoros mimon Kohls, Clifford and Jones, 1969 (Alectorobius, Carios) 66. Ornithodoros mormoops Kohls, Clifford and Jones, 1969 (Alectorobius, Carios) 67. Ornithodoros moubata (Murray, 1877) 68. Ornithodoros muesebecki Hoogstraal, 1969 (Alectorobius, Carios) 69. Ornithodoros multisetosus (Klompen, Keirans and Durden, 1995) (Alectorobius, Carios) 70. Ornithodoros natalinus Č erný and Dusbábek, 1967 (Alectorobius, Carios) 71. Ornithodoros nattereri Warburton, 1927. We consider this name provisionally valid, pending comparison with O. rostratus (Guglielmone et al. 2009). 72. Ornithodoros nicollei Mooser, 1932 73. Ornithodoros normandi Larrousse, 1923 (Alectorobius) 74. Ornithodoros papuensis (Klompen, Keirans and Durden, 1995) (Alectorobius, Carios) 75. Ornithodoros papillipes (Birula, 1895) (Alectorobius). This species is considered a synonym of O. tholozani by many Western scientists (Hoogstraal, 1985), but East European workers strongly defend the validity of this name with arguments that are scientifically sound (Filippova, 1966). The uncertain status of these taxa has led us to treat them both as provisionally valid. 76. Ornithodoros parkeri Cooley, 1936 (Alectorobius) 77. Ornithodoros peringueyi Bedford and Hewitt, 1925 (Argas, Ogadenus) 78. Ornithodoros peropteryx Kohls, Clifford and Jones, 1969 (Alectorobius, Carios) 79. Ornithodoros peruvianus Kohls, Clifford and Jones, 1969 (Alectorobius, Carios) 80. Ornithodoros peusi (Schulze, 1943) (Argas, Ogadenus) 81. Ornithodoros piriformis Warburton, 1918 (Alectorobius, Carios) 82. Ornithodoros porcinus Walton, 1962 83. Ornithodoros procaviae Theodor and Costa, 1960 (Alectorobius) 84. Ornithodoros puertoricensis Fox, 1947 (Alectorobius, Carios) 85. Ornithodoros rennellensis Clifford and Sonenshine, 1962 (Alectorobius, Carios) 86. Ornithodoros rioplatensis Venzal, Estrada-Peña and Mangold, 2008 (Alectorobius, Carios) 87. Ornithodoros rondoniensis (Labruna, Terassini, Camargo, Brandão, Ribeiro and Estrada-Peña, 2008) (Alectorobius, Carios). 88. Ornithodoros rossi Kohls, Sonenshine and Clifford, 1965 (Alectorobius, Carios) 89. Ornithodoros rostratus Aragão, 1911 90. Ornithodoros rudis Karsch, 1880 (Alectorobius, Carios) 91. Ornithodoros salahi Hoogstraal, 1953 (Alectorobius, Carios) 92. Ornithodoros savignyi (Audouin, 1826). This is the type species of the genus Ornithodoros; it was originally named Argas savignyi. There is discrepancy concerning the year of description, which some authors consider to be 1827; this discrepancy also includes the reference for the description. 93. Ornithodoros sawaii Kitaoka and Suzuki, 1973 (Alectorobius, Carios) 94. Ornithodoros setosus Kohls, Clifford and Jones, 1969 (Alectorobius, Carios) 95. Ornithodoros solomonis Dumbleton, 1959 (Alectorobius, Carios) 96. Ornithodoros sonrai Sautet and Witkowski, 1943 (Alectorobius) 97. Ornithodoros sparnus Kohls and Clifford, 1963 (Alectorobius, Otobius) 98. Ornithodoros spheniscus Hoogstraal, Wassef, Hays and Keirans, 1985 (Alectorobius, Carios) 99. Ornithodoros stageri Cooley and Kohls, 1941 (Alectorobius, Carios) 100. Ornithodoros tadaridae Č erný and Dusbábek, 1967 (Alectorobius, Carios) 101. Ornithodoros talaje (Guérin-Méneville, 1849) (Alectorobius, Carios). This is the type species of the genus Alectorobius; it was originally named Argas talaje. See also O. dugesi. 102. Ornithodoros tartakovskyi Olenev, 1931 (Alectorobius) 103. Ornithodoros tholozani (Laboulbène and Mégnin, 1882) (Alectorobius). See also O. papillipes. 104. Ornithodoros tiptoni Jones and Clifford, 1972 (Alectorobius, Carios) 105. Ornithodoros turicata (Dugès, 1876) (Alectorobius) 106. Ornithodoros tuttlei Jones and Clifford, 1972 (Alectorobius, Carios) 107. Ornithodoros vansomereni Keirans, Hoogstraal and Clifford, 1977 (Argas, Ogadenus) 108. Ornithodoros verrucosus Olenev, Zasukhin and Fenyuk, 1934 (Alectorobius) is considered a synonym of O. asperus by Western workers (Hoogstraal, 1985), but Russian scientists present sound evidence for its validity (Filippova, 1966). We tentatively accept both taxa, pending further studies. 109. Ornithodoros viguerasi Cooley and Kohls, 1941 (Alectorobius, Carios) 110. Ornithodoros yumatensis Cooley and Kohls, 1941 (Alectorobius, Carios) 111. Ornithodoros yunkeri Keirans, Clifford and Hoogstraal, 1984 (Alectorobius, Carios) 112. Ornithodoros zumpti Heisch and Guggisberg, 1953 (Alectorobius) 1. Otobius lagophilus Cooley and Kohls, 1940 2. Otobius megnini (Dugès, 1883). This is the type species of the genus Otobius; it was originally named Argas megnini.
The Argasidae, Ixodidae and Nuttalliellidae (Acari: Ixodida) of the world: a list of valid species names

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GEOGRAPHY

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REGIONS

Geographic Distribution(3)

DK
not evaluated
NO
SE

DATA

Occurrence Datasets

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Common names used for this species across different languages and regions. Available in 21 languages and 2 countries. 1 preferred.

SEmjuka fästingarswe=HoowaporCarrapatos-molesporengFowl-ticksengspaGarrapatas blandasspa+34 more

Vernacular (common) names are the everyday names used for a species in different languages and regions. A single species may have dozens of common names worldwide. This taxon has names in 21 languages. 1 name preferred.

=Hoowa
Source: Catalogue of LifeSource taxon #304150817
porCarrapatos-moles
por
Source: Catalogue of LifeSource taxon #304150817
engFowl-ticks
eng
Source: Catalogue of LifeSource taxon #304150817
spaGarrapatas blandas
spa
Source: Catalogue of LifeSource taxon #304150817
turKış kenesigiller
tur
Source: Catalogue of LifeSource taxon #304150817
nldLederteken
nld
Source: Catalogue of LifeSource taxon #304150817
deuLederzecken
deu
Source: Catalogue of LifeSource taxon #304150817
Likhatane
ssw
Source: Catalogue of LifeSource taxon #304150817
litMinkštosios erkės
lit
Source: Catalogue of LifeSource taxon #304150817
afrSagte Bosluise
afr
Source: Catalogue of LifeSource taxon #304150817
deuSaumzecken
deu
Source: Catalogue of LifeSource taxon #304150817
engSoft Tick
eng
Source: Checklist of Vermont SpeciesSource taxon #246543091
engSoft Ticks
eng
Source: Checklist of Vermont SpeciesSource taxon #246543091
engSoft-backed Ticks
eng
Source: Catalogue of LifeSource taxon #304150817
afrTampans
afr
Source: Catalogue of LifeSource taxon #304150817
fraTiques molles
fra
Source: Catalogue of LifeSource taxon #304150817
nldZachte teken
nld
Source: Catalogue of LifeSource taxon #304150817
itaZecche molli
ita
Source: Catalogue of LifeSource taxon #304150817
diKgofa
tsn
Source: Catalogue of LifeSource taxon #304150817
iKhalane
xho
Source: Catalogue of LifeSource taxon #304150817
cesklíšťákovití
ces
Source: Catalogue of LifeSource taxon #304150817
swemjuka fästingar
swe
Source: Catalogue of LifeSource taxon #304150817
engsoft tick
eng
Source: The Paleobiology DatabaseSource taxon #121368485
GBsoft ticks
engGBeng
engsoft ticks
eng
Source: Catalogue of LifeSource taxon #304150817
engsoft ticks
eng
Source: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)Source taxon #160426309
engsoftbacked ticks
eng
Source: Catalogue of LifeSource taxon #304150817
xiGalana
tso
Source: Catalogue of LifeSource taxon #304150817
rusАргасовые клещи
rus
Source: Catalogue of LifeSource taxon #304150817
hebקרצינתיים
heb
Source: Catalogue of LifeSource taxon #304150817
thaเห็บอ่อน
tha
Source: Catalogue of LifeSource taxon #304150817
jpnヒメダニ科
jpn
Source: Catalogue of LifeSource taxon #304150817
zho軟蜱科
zho
Source: Catalogue of LifeSource taxon #304150817
SEmjuka fästingar
swepreferredSE
Source: Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databasSource taxon #159942289
deuLederzecken
deu
Source: World Register of Marine SpeciesSource taxon #155485128
deuSaumzecken
deu
Source: World Register of Marine SpeciesSource taxon #155485128
engSoftbacked Ticks
eng
Source: Checklist of Vermont SpeciesSource taxon #246543091
engsoft ticks
eng
Source: World Register of Marine SpeciesSource taxon #155485128
engsoftbacked ticks
eng
Source: World Register of Marine SpeciesSource taxon #155485128

CLASSIFICATION

Taxonomic Classification Tree

RELATED

Related Name Usages(20)

Matching names from other GBIF-indexed checklists and datasets.

Occurrences with images

CITATIONS

References(8)

  • 1

    Beaulieu, F., A. P. G. Dowling, H. Klompen, G. J. de Moraes, and D. Walter / Zhang, Zhi-Qiang, ed., 2011: Superorder Parasitiformes Reuter, 1909. In: Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa, vol. 3148. 123-128.

    Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
  • 2

    Guglielmone, A.A.; Robbins, R.G.; Apanaskevich, D.A.; Petney, T.N.; Estrada-Pena, A.; Horak, I.G.; Shao, R.F. & Barker, S.C. (2010) The Argasidae, Ixodidae and Nuttalliellidae (Acari: Ixodida) of the world: A list of valid species names. Zootaxa, 2528: 1-28.

    basis of recordWorld Register of Marine Species
  • 3

    Guglielmone, Alberto A., Richard G. Robbins, Dmitry A. Apanaskevich, Trevor N. Petney, et al., 2010: The Argasidae, Ixodidae and Nuttalliellidae (Acari: Ixodida) of the world: a list of valid species names. Zootaxa, vol. 2528. 1-28.

    Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
  • 4

    Gärdenfors, Hall, Hallingbäck, Hansson & Hedström (2003) Djur, svampar och växter i Sverige 2003. Förteckning över antal arter per familj.

    Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas
  • 5

    Hallan, J. (2000-2017). Biology Catalog (2012 version), http://bug.tamu.edu/research/collection/hallan/ (as at 2012).

    basis of recordThe Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
  • Source Information

    GBIF Backbone Taxonomy

    GBIF Backbone Taxonomy

    checklist

    The GBIF Backbone Taxonomy is a single, synthetic management classification with the goal of covering all names GBIF is dealing with. It's the taxonomic backbone that allows GBIF to integrate name based information from different resources, no matter if these are occurrence datasets, species pages, names from nomenclators or external sources like EOL, Genbank or IUCN. This backbone allows taxonomic search, browse and reporting operations across all those resources in a consistent way and to provide means to crosswalk names from one source to another.

    It is updated regulary through an automated process in which the Catalogue of Life acts as a starting point also providing the complete higher classification above families. Additional scientific names only found in other authoritative nomenclatural and taxonomic datasets are then merged into the tree, thus extending the original catalogue and broadening the backbones name coverage. The GBIF Backbone taxonomy also includes identifiers for Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) drawn from the barcoding resources iBOL and UNITE.

    International Barcode of Life project (iBOL), Barcode Index Numbers (BINs). BINs are connected to a taxon name and its classification by taking into account all names applied to the BIN and picking names with at least 80% consensus. If there is no consensus of name at the species level, the selection process is repeated moving up the major Linnaean ranks until consensus is achieved.

    UNITE - Unified system for the DNA based fungal species, Species Hypotheses (SHs). SHs are connected to a taxon name and its classification based on the determination of the RefS (reference sequence) if present or the RepS (representative sequence). In the latter case, if there is no match in the UNITE taxonomy, the lowest rank with 100% consensus within the SH will be used.

    The GBIF Backbone Taxonomy is available for download at https://hosted-datasets.gbif.org/datasets/backbone/ in different formats together with an archive of all previous versions.

    The following 105 sources have been used to assemble the GBIF backbone with number of names given in brackets:

    • Catalogue of Life Checklist - 4766428 names
    • International Barcode of Life project (iBOL) Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) - 635951 names
    • UNITE - Unified system for the DNA based fungal species linked to the classification - 611208 names
    • The Paleobiology Database - 212054 names
    • World Register of Marine Species - 188857 names
    • The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera - 183894 names
    • The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP) - 131891 names
    • GBIF Backbone Taxonomy - 114350 names
    • TAXREF - 109374 names
    • The Leipzig catalogue of vascular plants - 75380 names
    • ZooBank - 73549 names
    • Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) - 68377 names
    • Plazi.org taxonomic treatments database - 61346 names
    • Genome Taxonomy Database r207 - 60545 names
    • International Plant Names Index - 52329 names
    • Fauna Europaea - 45077 names
    • The National Checklist of Taiwan (Catalogue of Life in Taiwan, TaiCoL) - 36193 names
    • Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas - 35892 names
    • The Plant List with literature - 32692 names
    • United Kingdom Species Inventory (UKSI) - 29643 names
    • Artsnavnebasen - 29208 names
    • The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species - 21221 names
    • Afromoths, online database of Afrotropical moth species (Lepidoptera) - 13961 names
    • Brazilian Flora 2020 project - Projeto Flora do Brasil 2020 - 13829 names
    • Prokaryotic Nomenclature Up-to-Date (PNU) - 10079 names
    • Checklist Dutch Species Register - Nederlands Soortenregister - 8814 names
    • ICTV Master Species List (MSL) - 7852 names
    • Cockroach Species File - 6020 names
    • GRIN Taxonomy - 5882 names
    • Taxon list of fungi and fungal-like organisms from Germany compiled by the DGfM - 4570 names
    • Catalogue of Afrotropical Bees - 3623 names
    • Catalogue of Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera) of North America - 3327 names
    • Checklist of Beetles (Coleoptera) of Canada and Alaska. Second Edition. - 3312 names
    • Systema Dipterorum - 2850 names
    • Catalogue of the Pterophoroidea of the World - 2807 names
    • The Clements Checklist - 2675 names
    • Taxon list of Hymenoptera from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 2496 names
    • IOC World Bird List, v13.2 - 2366 names
    • Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology - 2310 names
    • National checklist of all species occurring in Denmark - 1922 names
    • Myriatrix - 1876 names
    • Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN) - 1822 names
    • Taxon list of vascular plants from Bavaria, Germany compiled in the context of the BFL project - 1771 names
    • Orthoptera Species File - 1742 names
    • A list of the terrestrial fungi, flora and fauna of Madeira and Selvagens archipelagos - 1602 names
    • Aphid Species File - 1565 names
    • World Spider Catalog - 1561 names
    • Taxon list of Jurassic Pisces of the Tethys Palaeo-Environment compiled at the SNSB-JME - 1270 names
    • Backbone Family Classification Patch - 1143 names
    • GBIF Algae Classification - 1100 names
    • International Cichorieae Network (ICN): Cichorieae Portal - 975 names
    • Psocodea Species File - 803 names
    • New Zealand Marine Macroalgae Species Checklist - 787 names
    • Annotated checklist of endemic species from the Western Balkans - 754 names
    • Taxon list of animals with German names (worldwide) compiled at the SMNS - 503 names
    • Catalogue of the Alucitoidea of the World - 472 names
    • Lygaeoidea Species File - 462 names
    • Catálogo de Plantas y Líquenes de Colombia - 422 names
    • GBIF Backbone Patch - 317 names
    • Phasmida Species File - 259 names
    • Cortinariaceae fetched from the Index Fungorum API - 234 names
    • Coreoidea Species File - 233 names
    • GTDB supplement - 139 names
    • Mantodea Species File - 119 names
    • Endemic species in Taiwan - 93 names
    • Taxon list of Araneae from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 88 names
    • Species of Hominidae - 78 names
    • Taxon list of Sternorrhyncha from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 77 names
    • Taxon list of mosses from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 75 names
    • Mammal Species of the World - 73 names
    • Plecoptera Species File - 71 names
    • Species Fungorum Plus - 64 names
    • Catalogue of the type specimens of Cosmopterigidae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) from research collections of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences - 47 names
    • Species named after famous people - 41 names
    • Dermaptera Species File - 36 names
    • Taxon list of Trichoptera from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 34 names
    • True Fruit Flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) of the Afrotropical Region - 33 names
    • Range and Regularities in the Distribution of Earthworms of the Earthworms of the USSR Fauna. Perel, 1979 - 32 names
    • Taxon list of Diplura from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 30 names
    • Lista de referencia de especies de aves de Colombia - 2022 - 24 names
    • Taxon list of Auchenorrhyncha from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 20 names
    • Catalogue of the type specimens of Polycestinae (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) from research collections of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences - 19 names
    • Taxon list of Thysanoptera from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 19 names
    • Lista de especies de vertebrados registrados en jurisdicción del Departamento del Huila - 18 names
    • Taxon list of Microcoryphia (Archaeognatha) from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 15 names
    • Catalogue of the type specimens of Bufonidae and Megophryidae (Amphibia: Anura) from research collections of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences - 12 names
    • Grylloblattodea Species File - 11 names
    • Coleorrhyncha Species File - 9 names
    • Taxon list of liverworts from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 9 names
    • Embioptera Species File - 7 names
    • Taxon list of Pisces and Cyclostoma from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 6 names
    • Taxon list of Pteridophyta from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 6 names
    • Taxon list of Siphonaptera from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 5 names
    • The Earthworms of the Fauna of Russia. Perel, 1997 - 5 names
    • Taxon list of Zygentoma from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 4 names
    • Asiloid Flies: new taxa of Diptera: Apioceridae, Asilidae, and Mydidae - 3 names
    • Taxon list of Protura from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 3 names
    • Taxon list of hornworts from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 2 names
    • Chrysididae Species File - 1 names
    • Taxon list of Dermaptera from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 1 names
    • Taxon list of Diplopoda from Germany in the context of the GBOL project - 1 names
    • Taxon list of Orthoptera (Grashoppers) from Germany compiled at the SNSB - 1 names
    • Taxon list of Pscoptera from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 1 names
    • Taxon list of Pseudoscorpiones from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 1 names
    • Taxon list of Raphidioptera from Germany compiled in the context of the GBOL project - 1 names

    GBIF Secretariat (2023). GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org on 2026-06-14.

    CC BYPublished 8/28/2023View dataset
    GBIF Usage Key
    9168
    Dataset Key
    d7dddbf4-2cf0-4f39-9b2a-bb099caae36c
    Origin
    source
    Backbone Key
    9168
    Taxon ID
    gbif:9168
    Last Crawled
    8/22/2023
    Last Interpreted
    8/22/2023