Charinus acaraje

Natural history Species with secondary sexual dimorphism, i. e., males exhibit longer pedipalps and larger body size.

Figs 7 A – B, 8 A – B, 43; Table 4

Supplementary description Only the male was previously known. A description of the female and supplementary description of the male are presented below. CARAPACE. Curved carina between ocular triads and carapace margin, closer to margin, with small transverse projection medially; anterior margin rounded, with six anterior setae; frontal process large, subtriangular, not visible in dorsal view. Median eyes and median ocular tubercle present; median ocular tubercle shallow, slightly higher than carapace surface, with pair of small setae. Lateral eyes well developed, pale, small seta posterior to each lateral ocular triad; lenses directed anteriorly and dorsally. STERNUM. Tritosternum rounded posteriorly and projected anteriorly into large, blunt tubercle, surpassing base of pedipalp coxae, with typical setation; medial platelet (tetrasternum) with single convex platelet, with pair of large setae anteriorly, and several small setae posteriorly; third platelet (pentasternum) with single convex platelet, smaller than medial platelet, with two setae anteriorly and some setae posteriorly; metasternum with one or two anterior setae in membranous region and two or three setae posteriorly. OPISTHOSOMA. Ventral sacs and ventral sac cover absent. GENITALIA. Female gonopod with posterior margin of genital operculum slightly convex, several setae on surface and along margin (Fig. 7 A – B); small sclerotized region at base of gonopods, not connected to each other; gonopods sucker-like with large disc and small openings (Fig. 7 A – B). Male gonopod with spine-like projections over apex of fistula, LoD, and LoL 2 (Fig. 8 A – B). CHELICERAE. Small, flat tooth in retrolateral row of basal segment. Prolateral surface with transverse row of six small setae, from ventral to dorsal. Three setae, retrolateral, retromedial, and prolateral along dorsodistal margin, near membranous region of claw. Claw with eight teeth and row of setae on retrolateral surface from base to near apex (dorsal side). PEDIPALPS. Coxal dorsal carina with one or two small setae encircled by round carina and three setae on anterior margin. Femur with three dorsal spines in primary series; two distinct setiferous tubercles proximal to first dorsal spine; three ventral spines; large spine between ventral spine 1 and proximal margin. Patella with three dorsal spines; setiferous tubercle distal to spine I, about one fourth length of spine I; three ventral spines decreasing in size; setiferous tubercle between spine I and distal margin. Tibia with two dorsal spines; ventral spine in distal half of tibia; prominent setiferous tubercle near base of ventral spine; three long setae between spine and distal margin. Tarsus with two dorsal spines, distal spine half length of tarsus and proximal spine one-third length of distal spine. Ventral row of brush with 32 – 34 setae. LEGS. Tibia of leg I with 23 articles; tarsus I with 41 articles. Leg IV basitibia with four pseudoarticles; trichobothrium bt situated in proximal third; distal apex of basitibial pseudo-articles with dark, denticulate projection; distitibia trichobothrium bc situated closer to sbf than to bf; sf and sc series each with six trichobothria; distitarsus with distinct white annulus distally on first article. Measurements See Table 4.

Diagnosis This species may be separated from other Charinus in eastern South America by means of the following combination of characters: two setae, prolateral and retrolateral, on dorsal surface of chelicerae; cheliceral claw with eight teeth and with complete row of setae on retrolateral surface; pedipalp femur with three dorsal spines and three ventral spines; leg IV distitibia sc and sf series each with six trichobothria. This species resembles C. una sp. nov., but differs in the larger size, six trichobothria in the sc and sf series, and eight teeth on the cheliceral claw.

Distribution Known from inside and outside caves in southern Bahia, Brazil.

Etymology Noun in apposition referring to ‘ acarajé ’, a famous dish in Bahia, the state in which the type locality is located (Pinto-da-Rocha et al. 2002).

Type material Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Bahia, Santa Luzia, Gruta da Pedra do Sino; 15 ° 26 ′ 15.22 ″ S, 39 ° 18 ′ 45.04 ″ W; 14 Oct. 1997; B. S. Santos leg.; MZSP 1829. Additional material BRAZIL • 4 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂, 2 nymphae; Bahia, Santa Luzia, Gruta do Lapão; 15 ° 25 ′ 44 ″ S, 39 ° 20 ′ 02 ″ W; 3 Nov. 2002; A. P. L. Giupponi and R. C. Baptista leg.; new record; MNRJ 9297 • 1 ♀; Bahia, Camacã, Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural da Serra Bonita; 15 ° 23 ′ 02.63 ″ S, 39 ° 33 ′ 46.68 ″ W; 11 – 15 Jun. 2009; V. Dill, A. Chagas Jr, D. Pedroso, A. P. L. Giupponi, A. Kury leg.; new record; MNRJ 9125.

Diagnosis. A cavernicolous species with elongate pedipalps and legs. It is distinguished from most other species by the fact that femoral spine F 1 is not situated close to the trochanter ± femur articulation; it is situated at about 26 % of the femur length away from the articulation. It is further distinguished from most other species by its inconspicuous and small frontal process and by its extreme elongation of the antenniform legs; individual tibial articles may be up to 1.3 mm long, and by the fact that there are only ® ve, instead of six, frontal setae. Description. Carapace 1.4 times wider than long, ® nely granulated, with the typical sculpture, anterior margin rounded, with ® ve strong frontal setae, one directly in front of the median eye tubercle and two on each side, and some smaller setae; frontal process (® gure 8) small, directed downwards and slightly posteriorly, not visible from above; median eye tubercle well developed though small and ¯ at, with one seta at its posterior margin, lateral eyes also small but with lenses and normal pigmentation; a strong seta at the posterior margin of each triad, three more similar setae in oblique row between anterior margin and lateral eyes. Chelicera: smooth, with the typical charinid dentition, all teeth strongly worn, upper or distal tooth with only a small notch between both cusps, internal surface proximally with a Sshaped row of seven ® ne setae and a few more setae that merge with the ventral fringe hairs. Pedipalp (® gure 9): trochanter with a dorsal row of seven (three large) setae, an anterior row of up to 10 (six large) setae and a strong spine in about the centre of the row, and another, larger spine directly above the ventral apophysis. Femur asymmetric, with four dorsal spines on the right and three dorsal spines on the left pedipalp; spine F 1 not directly distal of trochanter ± femur joint, instead about 26 % of the femur length away from that articulation, preceded on the right femur by a curved row of four small setae, on the left side by an irregular group of two large and two small setae; F 1 is the largest, spine length decreasing towards the distal end, femur ventral (on both sides) with ® ve spines, the three large spines FI ± FIII decrease in length distally, spine FI is preceded proximally by a smaller secondary spine, which, on the left palpus, reaches nearly the length of spine F 1, FIII is followed distally by a small spine FIV. Tibia dorsal with the three primary spines 1 ± 3, a spinelet distally of spine 1 and another small secondary spine 4 proximally of spine 3 (these latter spinelets are missing on the left pedipalp), distance between primary spines 1 ± 3 larger than basal spine diameters, tibia ventral with only two spines. Basitarsus with one ventral and two dorsal spines, Ta 2 about twice as long as Ta 1. Distitarsus with two small spines dorsally of cleaning organ, the distal one about 2.5 as large as the proximal one; pedipalp elongate, tibia 1.7 times longer than carapace. Antenniform legs: with 23 tibial articles, tarsus incomplete; elongate, individual tibial segments reach 1.3 mm, basal tarsal segments reach up to 0.8 mm. Walking legs elongate, basitibia IV divided into four articles. Trichobothria (® gure 10): each walking leg tibia carries 19 trichobothria. The seta bc is closer to sbf than to bf; the series sf and sc each with six setae. Sternum: tritosternum elongate and narrow, with two strong apical setae, three large and several smaller basal setae; tetrasternum and pentasternum small rounded tubercles with few setae; metasternum narrow, with only four setae. Male genitalia (® gures 11, 12): genital operculum with strong and long setae in the anterior and median part, posterior margin weakly rounded, nearly straight, with few setae; spermatophore organ slightly longer than wide, with little sclerotization around the bases of the posterior lobes and in the anterior-dorsa l region. Colour in alcohol. Carapace, chelicerae, pedipalps and legs light reddish brown, tergites and sternites even lighter, transparent. Etymology. A noun in reference to one of the most famous dishes of the bahian cooking, the`acarajeÂ’. Measurements (in mm). Total length 9.4, carapace length 3.75, width 5.25, distance between lateral eyes 2.5; pedipalp tibia length 6.25, spine 1 2.0, spine 2 1.7, spine 3 1.1; ® rst leg femur 16.8, tibia 27, tarsus broken; second leg femur 11.3, basitibia 6.4, distitibia 3.5, basitarsus 1.7, other tarsal articles 1.2; third leg femur 10.0, basitibia 8.3, distitibia 4.8, basitarsus 2.3, other tarsal articles 1.4; fourth leg femur 8.8, basitibia I 4.1, basitibia II 1.5, basitibia III 1.45, basitibia IV 2.1, distitibia 4.45, tarsus broken. Specimen examined. MZSP 18929 male holotype [Brasil, Gruta Pedra do Sino, Santa Luzia, BA, leg B. S. Santos at aphotic zone, 14 October 1997]. No other specimens known.