Amazhomidia ducke

Description of juvenile 2 nd. instar. Total length (head + trunk) of specimens 0.9 mm. Specimens pale white with dark blue pigments on Ant IV and mostly III, Ant II ventrally, anterior and lateral head, lateral of Th II to Abd III, posterior Abd IV, coxa III, femora with one distal band and manubrium completely (Fig. 21). Body without scales. Head. Antennae smaller than trunk length (Fig. 21), ratio antennae: trunk = 1: 1.43; antennal segments ratio as I: II: III: IV = 1: 1.75: 1.61: 3.77. Ant IV weakly annulated on distal half, without apical bulb (Fig. 22 A). Ant III with subapical scale-like chaeta (Figs 22 A ‒ B). Ant I dorsally with 1 median mac and 3 smooth mic at base. Eyes 8 + 8, G and H smaller, A and B larger, with 3 interocular chaetae (v, p and t). Head dorsal chaetotaxy (Fig. 23 A) with 5 ‘ An’, 4 ‘ A’, 4 ‘ M’ (M 1 absent), 7 ‘ S’ (S 2 e and S 6 i absent), 2 ‘ Ps’, 1 ‘ Pi’, 4 ‘ Pa’, 2 ‘ Pm’, 4 ‘ Pp’, and 2 ‘ Pe’ chaetae. Four prelabral smooth chaetae, internal pair bifurcated distally or normal (Fig. 23 B); labral formula similar to adults. Labral papillae absent. Basomedian and basolateral labial fields with all chaetae smooth, r absent. Ventral head with reduced chaetotaxy, cephalic groove with 1 + 1 scale-like chaetae. Thorax chaetotaxy (Figs 23 C). Th II series ‘ a’, ‘ m’ and ‘ p’ with 12, 13 and 8 chaetae respectively. Th III, series ‘ a’, ‘ m’ and ‘ p’ with 4, 2 and 8 chaetae respectively. Ratio Th II: III = 2.24: 1. Abdomen chaetotaxy (Fig. 23 D). Abd I series ‘ a’, ‘ m’ and ‘ p’ with 1, 5 and 1 chaetae respectively. Abd II series ‘ a’, ‘ m’ and ‘ p’ with 1, 4 and 3 (1 unnamed) chaetae respectively. Abd III series ‘ a’, ‘ m’ and ‘ p’ with 2, 5 and 1 chaetae respectively. Abd IV ‘ A’ series with 4, ‘ B’ series with 5, ‘ Be’ series with 1, ‘ C’ series with 1, ‘ T’ series with 4, ‘ D’ series with 1, ‘ E’ series with 4, and ‘ F’ series with 3 chaetae; posterior side with about 8 posterior sens (ps type I, others type II) and 4 posterior mes. Abd V as adults. Ratio Abd III: IV = 1: 8.46. FIGURE 21. Amazhomidia ducke: hAbITUS Of JUVENILE Of 2 nd. INSTAR IN ALcOhOL (LATERAL VIEW). ScALE bAR: 0.3 MM. Legs. Trochanteral organ with 2 spine-like chaetae; anterior face without spine-like chaetae. Chaetotaxy of femora and tibiotarsi reduced, but with larger chaetae finely ciliate (Fig. 22 C). Morphology of the empodial complexes I ‒ III as adults, but unguiculi I ‒ III truncate (Fig. 22 D). Furcula. Manubrium ventrally with 2 subapical and 5 apical chaetae on transverse row; manubrial plate without chaetae but with 2 psp; lateral side with 1 distal and 1 subapical long mac finely ciliate. Dental spines absent, only rows of chaetae finely ciliate (Fig. 22 E). Mucro bidentate with apical tooth larger than proximal tooth, basal spine not surpassing the apex of the proximal tooth.

FIGURE 23 A – D. Amazhomidia ducke: DORSAL chAETOTAXY Of JUVENILE Of 2 nd. INSTAR; A, hEAD; B, PRELAbRUM AND cLYPEUS; C, Th II AND III; D, AbD I ‒ IV.

Remarks: In the original description of A. ducke some characteristics have not been observed but are present in juveniles as well as adults: Ant III laterally with one subapical scale-like chaeta and tergal macrochaetae heavily ciliated and apically foot-shaped, typical of Entomobryinae (Figs 22 B, 24 C). In addition, some chaetae were mistakenly named on head A 3 is A 2, S 1 is S 2 (S 1 absent), S 2 is S 2 e, S 6 is S 6 i, S 7 is S 6, Ps 3 is Ps 5 and on Gr. III is Pi 1, Pi 2 and Pi 3 (Pa 1 and Pm 2 absent). On Th III m 5 p is a 6, while on Abd II a 6? is m 6. The unguiculus III was reported as acuminate, but is weakly truncate on inner side as well as in the other species of Amazhomidia. The original mistake was made possibly due to arrangement of the specimens on slide assembly. FIGURE 22 A – E. Amazhomidia ducke: JUVENILE Of 2 nd. INSTAR; A, RIGhT ANT I ‒ IV (DORSAL SIDE), ARROW INDIcATES SUbAPIcAL ScALE- LIKE chAETA Of ANT III; B, SUbAPIcAL ScALE-LIKE chAETA Of RIGhT ANT III IN DETAIL (DORSAL SIDE); C, RIGhT TIbIOTARSUS III (ANTERIOR SIDE); D, DISTAL TIbIOTARSUS AND EMPODIAL cOMPLEX III (POSTERIOR VIEW); E, DISTAL MANUbRIUM, DENTES AND MUcRO (DORSAL VIEW). ScALE bARS: A, C, E (0.05 MM), B, D (0.01 MM).

Additional material. 2 juveniles on slides and 5 specimens in alcohol (INPA): Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, Reserva Ducke, grid L 4 - 500, 02 ° 57 ’ 13 " S, 59 ° 57 ’ 39 " W, 61 m, 23. vi ‒ 06. viii. 2012, pitfall-traps, A Oliveira coll.

Description. Total length (head + trunk) of holotype 2.51 mm. Habitus typically entomobryid (Figs 1, 11). Specimen with dark blue pigment covering the distal half of Ant. IV and Ant. III, head, thorax and Abd. I – IV (except lateral Abd. III and anterior part of Abd. IV), slight lighter in middle of trunk, legs (except the articulations of femora with tibiotarsi and distal tibiotarsi) and manubrium, dorsal Th. II – Abd. III with irregular unpigmented areas (Figs 1, 11). Heavily striate apically pointed scales covering dorsum of the head, thorax and abdomen (Fig. 2). Antennae, legs, collophore and furcula without scales. Head. Antennae subequal to the length of body, antennal ratio as I: II: III: IV = 1: 1.4 – 1.7: 1.07 – 1.29: 2 – 2.21, holotype 1: 1.15: 1.18: 2.07 (Fig. 1). Ant. IV annulated, without apical bulb, with at least three types of chaetae: sblunt sensilla, ciliated and smooth chaetae (Figs 10, 15). Ant. III sense organ with 2 rods and 3 surrounding guard sensilla, with more 3 near s-blunt sensilla (Fig. 16). Ant. I dorsal face with 11 mac and three basal spiny smooth mic; ventral face with two mac (Fig. 17). Eyes 8 + 8, G and H smaller, other subequal, with 4 interocular chaetae, p as mac, q, r and s mic. Dorsal chaetotaxy as in Fig. 13: antennal series ‘ An’ with 10 – 11 chaetae; anterior series ‘ A’ with 5 chaetae, A 0, A 3 and A 5 as mac; medio-ocellar series ‘ M’ with 4 chaetae, M 2 and M 3 as mac; sutural series ‘ S’ with 8 mac (S 0 – 7); post-sutural series ‘ Ps’ with 2 mac (Ps 2 – 3); postoccipital internal series ‘ Pi’ with 1 mac (Pi 1); postoccipital anterior series ‘ Pa’ with 5 chaetae, Pa 1 – 3 and P 5 as mac, Pa 6 as bothriotrichum); postoccipital media series ‘ Pm’ with 3 mac (Pm 1, Pm 2?, Pm 3); postoccipital posterior ‘ Pp’ series with 4 mac (Pp 1 – 3, Pp 5); postoccipital external series ‘ Pe’ with 2 mac (Pe 2 – 3). Clypeus with 16 ciliated chaetae: 5 mac, 5 mes, and 6 mic. Four prelabral chaetae, internal pair with bifurcated chaetae, external pair smooth or bifurcated. Labral papilla absent. Labral formula 4, 5, 5, all smooth chaetae, four anterior (a 1 – 2), five median (m 0 – 2) and five posterior (p 0 – 2) (Fig. 14). Labial palp with five papillae (A – E), and with 0, 5, 0, 5, 4 guard chaetae, respectively; papilla E with lateral process (l. p.) finger-shaped with tip not reaching; H (main hypostomal chaeta) with two accessorial hypostomal chaetae (Fig. 18). Labium with five smooth proximal chaetae (Figs 18 – 19). Labial region with smooth chaeta (a 1 – 5, m, R (r), e, l 1 – 2), chaetae r smaller, ciliated, smooth or absent (Fig. 19). Cephalic groove with 1 + 1 scale-like chaeta and 10 ciliated chaetae; chaetae on posterior labium ciliated and subequal in size, with exception of four anterior smaller chaetae (Fig. 20). Maxillary out lobe with one apical, one subapical chaetae and 3 sublobal hairs on sublobal plate, subapical chaeta larger than apical one (Fig. 21). Thorax. Th. II chaetotaxy as in Fig. 22; anterior series with about 30 mac; medial series ‘ m’ with 5 – 6 central mac (m 4 i present or absent) and 3 lateral mac (m 6?) and two unnamed); posterior series ‘ p’ with 9 to 16 mac, p 1 i, p 1 p, p 1 e, p 2 p 3, p 2 ea, p 2 ep and p 4 present or absent. Tergite laterally with numerous chaetae, one ms, one anterolateral sens (al), and one accessory sens (acc. p 6), both type I. Th. III chaetotaxy as in Fig. 23; series ‘ a’ with 2 to 4 mac, a 3 and a 5 present or absent; series ‘ m’ with 2 mac (m 5 – 5 p); series ‘ p’ with 7 to 10 mac, p 1 p 2, p 2 p and p 4 present or absent. Numerous mes on the side of tergite plus one anterolateral sens (al) and one accessory sens (acc. p 6), both type I. Legs with subcoxa I with a row of two mac and two pseudopores; subcoxa II with one row of six mac and three mes, anteriorly with one mac plus four mes and 16 mic, posteriorly with four mac plus three mes and four pseudopores; subcoxa III with a row of 9 mac, anteriorly with 10 mes plus two mic, posteriorly with two pseudopores (Figs 29 – 31). Trochanteral organ with approximately 33 spine-like chaetae; anterior face with about 10 extra spine-like chaetae (Fig. 32). Unguis with three inner teeth, one paired basal and one unpaired medial; and a basal pair of large laterodorsal teeth. Unguiculi I – II weakly truncate, unguiculus III acuminate, all with one small proximal external tooth. Tenent hairs capitate with smooth edges (Figs 33 – 35). Tibiotarsus III with a smooth inner distal chaeta, near the empodium (Fig. 34). Abdomen. Abd. I chaetotaxy as in Fig. 24; series ‘ m’ with 4 – 5 mac, m 4 i present or absent; series ‘ p’ with 4 mes (p 6 and three unnamed); one ms and one accessory sens (acc. p 6) (ms external to sens). Abd. II chaetotaxy as in Fig. 25; series ‘ a’ with 3 chaetae, a 6? as mac, a 3 as mac or mic, a 5 as bothriotrichum with 8 accessory chaetae; series ‘ m’ with 4 – 5 chaetae, m 3, m 3 ep, m 3 e (present or absent) and m 5 as mac, m 2 as bothriotrichum with 8 accessory chaetae; series ‘ p’ with 1 mac (p 6?). Two sensilla present, one anterosubmedial (as) and one accessory (acc. p 6), both type I. Abd. III chaetotaxy as in Fig. 26; series ‘ a’ with 2 chaetae, am 6 as mac, a 5 as bothriotrichum with 5 accessory chaetae; series ‘ m’ with 4 chaetae, m 3 and pm 6 as mac, m 2 and m 5 as bothriotricha, respectively with 7 and 4 accessory chaetae; series ‘ p’ with one mac (p 6). Two sensilla present, one anterosubmedial (as) and one accessory (acc. p 6), both type I, plus one ms. Nine unnamed lateral mes present. Abd. IV chaetotaxy as in Fig. 27; anterior central region with two transverse rows of 6 and 4 mac respectively; 1 median central mac; posterior central with 12 – 16 mac, B 4 – 6 and 13 unnamed (four unnamed present or absent); series ‘ T’ with 2 bothriotricha (T 2 and T 4) and 8 surrounding accessory chaetae; lateral region with 10 – 11 mac and 20 mes. Two sensilla type I (as and ps), 12 sensilla type II, and 20 mes on posterior margin present. Abd. V chaetotaxy as in Fig. 28; series ‘ a’ with 1 mac (a 6); series ‘ m’ with 3 mac (m 2 – 3, m 5); posteroanterior series ‘ pa’ with 2 mes (p 6 ai and p 6 ae); series ‘ p’ with 2 – 3 mac (p 1, p 3, p 5), p 3 present or absent. Three sens as type I, one anterosubmedial (as) and two accessory sensilla (acc. p 4 and acc. p 5). Collophore. All chaetae ciliated; one side of anterior face with 28 chaetae; 3 as mac, line connecting proximal (Pr) and external-distal (Ed) mac oblique to medial furrow; lateral face with approximately 12 chaetae; posterior face with about 38 chaetae, one of them longer (Fig. 36). Tenaculum. With 4 + 4 teeth and 1 large, striated basal chaeta (Fig. 37). Genital plate. Male papillate with 5 + 5 surrounding ciliated chaetae and 1 + 1 inner smooth chaetae (Fig. 38). Furcula. Manubrium with ciliate chaetae; ventral side with 3 subapical chaetae, distal region with approximately 38 chaetae; lateral side with 5 long distal mac; manubrial plate (dorsal side) with 2 mac, 5 mes, 4 mic and 2 pseudopores (Figs 39 – 40). Dens dorsally with about 38 striated spines in an irregular row (Fig. 41). Mucro bidentate with a basal spine slightly longer than apex of the proximal tooth (Fig. 42).

Remarks. The dorsal chaetotaxy of A. ducke sp. nov. possesses several unique characters compared to its closest taxon, Sinhomidia bicolor (Yosii, 1965). The new species has Ps 3 mac and several extra mac in posterior region of head (absent in S. bicolor), absence of p 5 mac on Th. II (present in S. bicolor), presence of m 5 mac on Abd. I (absent in S. bicolor), and two extra lateral mac a 6? and p 6? on Abd. II (absent in S. bicolor), absence of m 7 mac on Abd. III (present in S. bicolor) and a different number and arrangement of mac on Abd. IV, with a second row of median-anterior mac (absent in S. bicolor), high number of median-posterior mac (up to 16 vs. 8 in S. bicolor) and low number of latero-anterior mac above T 2 bothriotrichum (1 vs. 9 in S. bicolor). Additional differences between the species are listed on the first two paragraphs of Amazhomidia gen nov. ‘ remarks’ and Table I.

Distribution and habitat. The new species was found in the Amazon Rainforest phytogeographic domain, Amazon state, Brazil, Good’s biogeographic zone 26, Neotropical Region, Highlands of Eastern Brazil: North Brazilian (Good 1974). The climate of the area following the Köppen-Geiger system is " Am " tropical wet (or monsoon) climate, characterized by wet and dry seasons (Kottek et al. 2006). The specimens were found in different land units between 60 and 140 m asl in the “ Reserva Ducke ”, most commonly in low-lying areas on wet litter, in the warmer times of the year (April to September) (Baccaro et al. 2008). Amazhomidia ducke sp. nov. was not found in other regions sampled from Brazilian Amazon, so it is possibly a locally species to this region.

Etymology. The new species is named after the type locality, " Ducke Reserve ", Amazonas, Brazil.

Type material. Holotype female on slide N ° COLLE 057 / INPA: Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, Reserva Ducke, 02 ° 59 ’ S; 59 ° 55 ’ W, 23. ix – 04. xi. 2014, pitfall-traps, T Vicente coll. Paratypes on slides N ° COLLE 057 A – E / INPA, 4 males and 1 female, same data as holotype. Paratypes on slides N ° COLLE 057 F – H / INPA, 2 males, 1 female and 12 specimens in alcohol, same data as holotype, except 15. ix – 20. v. 2006, JLP Souza coll. Paratype on slide N ° COLLE 057 I / INPA, 1 male, same data as holotype, except 25 – 27. iii. 2013, dish trap, NG Cipola & MB Graça coll. Additional examined material: on alcohol, 1 specimen, Experimental farm of the Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 02 ° 39 ' 11 " S; 60 ° 06 ' 08 " W), 06 – 18. viii. 2010, pitfall traps, C Brito & JLP Souza coll.